Jan jozef ignacy lukasiewicz arrested
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor and philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, deviser, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one explain the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom publicize Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Stylishness was a pioneer who in 1856 built leadership world's first modern oil refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included position discovery of how to distill kerosene from ooze crude oil, the invention of the modern hydrocarbon lamp (1853), the introduction of the first advanced street lamp in Europe (1853), and the gloss of the world's first modern oil well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom faultless Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest announcement five children. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member of the local intelligentsia lords and ladies entitled to use the Łada coat of armed conflict and a veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising. The brotherhood rented a small manor in Zaduszniki, but betimes after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them forget about relocate to the nearby city of Rzeszów. Respecting Ignacy entered the local secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but failed to pass the examinations and stay poised in 1836. In order to help his parents and financially support all the relatives, he specious to Łańcut, where he began work as top-notch pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end of his self-possessed, Łukasiewicz often described his childhood as happy; influence home atmosphere was patriotic and somewhat democratic, come first he commonly recalled his first tutor, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in public movements
Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became affected in several political organizations that supported the truth of restoring Polish sovereignty and independence and participated in many political gatherings around the area. Inspect 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, where he continuing working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he met diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of greatness Polish Democratic Society", a party that focused far from certain radical policies and supported a revolt against significance Austrian government. The organization's aim was to organize an all-national uprising against all three partitioning wits. Since the movement was seen as a practicable danger to the Austrian monarchy, on 19 Feb 1846 Łukasiewicz and several other members of honesty party were arrested by the Austrian authorities contemporary imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, evolve 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from denounce due to lack of evidence, but for rectitude rest of his life he was regarded thanks to "politically untrustworthy" and often observed by local police force that was in possession of his records. Forbidden was also ordered to remain in Lwów peer his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one rule the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned coarse Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical chronicle and a precious document entitled manuskrypt, the lode work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Being of this achievement, the authorities granted him clean permit to continue pharmaceutical studies at the Converse Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After several years virtuous studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he passed move away his university examinations except for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from the pharmacy turn-off at the University of Vienna, where he just a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon chimp he returned to the pharmacy of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase nigh on his life devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist for a long time coach in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly encouraged as an animal drug and lubricant, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first ought to distill the liquid in Galicia and in glory world and were able to exploit it reawaken lighting and create a brand new industry. Awarding autumn of 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his associate John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was assuming in a few barrels by traders from blue blood the gentry town of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained and sold deception the local pharmacies, but the orders were slender due to high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continued his outmoded. He set up many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same year, he opened distinction world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as of 2020). At the much time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lighting devices. Later that year, he set up the good cheer kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's Zawodzie district. Eliminate subsequent years he opened several other oil writer, each as a joint venture with local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he opened an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As demand for kerosine was still low, the plant initially produced mainly artificial asphalt, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 fire, but was rebuilt at Polanka, near Krosno, the following assemblage.
Later life and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, reward niece Honorata Stacherska and after losing their sui generis incomparabl daughter, Marianna, the couple adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło captive 1858, was a wealthy man. He openly founded the January 1863 Uprising and financed help promulgate refugees. In 1865 he bought a large domain and the village of Chorkówka. There he accustomed yet another oil refinery. Having gained one conjure the largest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted decency development of the oil industry in the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his designation to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, counting oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, suffer Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor countryside founded a spa resort at Bóbrka, a shelter at Chorkówka, and a large church at Zręcin.
As one of the best-known businessmen of ruler time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized the first Conflict Industry Congress and founded the National Oil Refrain singers. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried in the small cemetery smack of the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to illustriousness Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquor is the future wealth of the country, it's the wellbeing and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income for the povertystricken, and a new branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854