Rabia al basri biography channel

Rabia Basri

Female Sufi scholar and saint (died )

For blue blood the gentry Pakistani politician, see Rabia Basri (politician).

Rābiʼa al-ʼAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya (Arabic: رابعة العدوية القيسية; c.&#;&#;&#; &#;CE)[1] or Rabia Basri was a poet, one of the earliest Muhammadan mystics and an influential religious figure from Iraq.[2] She is regarded as one of the four preeminent Qalandars of the world.[3]

Biography

Very little is important about the life of Rabiʿa, notes Rkia Elaroui Cornell.

What historical information can be ascertained running off the earliest sources on Rabi‘a? As stated stuckup, there is very little except to confirm go off at a tangent a Muslim woman ascetic and teacher named Rabi‘a al-‘Adawiyya or Rabi‘a al-Qaysiyya (the name ‘Adawiyya refers to her clan and the name Qaysiyya refers to her tribe) lived in or around excellence city of Basra in southern Iraq in ethics eighth century CE. [] The commonly accepted creation date of CE and death date of Cacophony come from a much later period and authority ultimate source of these dates is unclear.[4]

Cornell new notes that she was mentioned by two inappropriate Basran authors.[4] "Because of this, they were devoted with her reputation. This local reputation is excellence best empirical evidence we have that Rabi‘a absolutely existed."[4] She also writes, "To date, no inescapable body of work has been linked conclusively brand Rabi‘a al-‘Adawiyya."[4]

Despite this, narratives about Rabiʿa grew be quarrelling the centuries, and a considerable hagiography developed. Fragrance of Nishapur, a Sufi saint and poet who lived some four centuries later, recounted a now-famous story of her early life.[5] Many of throw over hagiographies depict her using literary or philosophical tropes where she, like her Christian counterparts, embodied halcyon religious individuals.[4]

Philosophy and religious contributions

Often noted as receipt been the single most famous women in Mohammadanism, Rabiʿa was renowned for her high virtue delighted piety. A devoted ascetic, when asked why she performed a thousand ritual prostrations both during magnanimity day and at night, she is said fall foul of have answered, "I desire no reward for it; I do it so that the Messenger thoroughgoing God, may God bless him and give him peace, will delight in it on the way in of Resurrection and say to the prophets, 'Take note of what a woman of my citizens has accomplished.'"[5]

Rabiʿa was described intense in her altruism and devotion to God.[6] As an explanation elder her refusal to lift her head toward picture heavens (to God) as an act of chastity, she used to say: "Were the world honesty possession of a single man, it would band make him rich&#; because it is passing away."[5]

According to Sufi accounts, she was the first argue with set forth the doctrine of divine love unheard of as Ishq[7] and is widely considered being honesty most important of the early renunciants, a do of piety that would eventually be labelled Sufism.[3]

Poetry and stories

Much of the poetry that is attributed to her is of unknown origin.[4] There practical no evidence in the historical archive that Rabia ever met Hasan al-Basri; however, the following romantic, which first appeared in Attar of Nishapur's Tazkirat al-Awliya, is a common trope in the recent period:[8] After a life of hardship, she instinctively achieved a state of self-realization. When asked uncongenial Hasan al-Basri how she discovered the secret, she responded by stating "you know of the nonetheless, but I know of the how-less."[9]

One of excellence many stories that surround her life is ditch she was freed from slavery because her virtuoso saw her praying while surrounded by light, physical that she was a saint and feared his life if he continued to keep disown as a slave.[6]

Biographer Rkia Elaroui Cornell discovered link main characterizations of Rabia: Rabia the Teacher, Rabia the Ascetic, Rabia the Lover, and Rabia say publicly Sufi.[10]

Asceticism

Rabia is often described as being an abstemious, where "the ascetic attains the otherworldly not tough rejecting the world but by treating it tempt unimportant. The ascetic avoids the World not now it is evil per se but because wash out is a distraction from God."[11]

Legacy

In a Sufi portrayal, Sufi leader Hasan al-Basri explained, "I passed suggestion whole night and day with Rabi'a&#; it not ever passed through my mind that I was great man nor did it occur to her delay she was a woman when I saw safe I saw myself as bankrupt and Rabi'a owing to truly sincere."[12]

She decided to stay celibate in give orders to live life unlike other Muslim women freedom her time, and devote herself completely to God.[6] Among her most notable qualities besides her fervency to God were her humility and celibacy.[6] Forest alone with divine love, she is adored via many for her religious passion and the instance she set for the growing Muslim population.[6] Quieten, her importance and legacy remain prominent through tales of her life, modern references, and her normal in Muslim culture, while no physical evidence was found of her, Rabia's story and poetry linger an inspiration to women and Muslim people today.[13][14]

In popular culture

The life of Rabia has been leadership subject of several motion pictures of Turkish big screen. One of these films, Rabia, released in , was directed by Osman F. Seden, and Fatma Girik played the leading role of Rabia.[15]

Rabia, Classification Kadın Evliya (Rabia, The First Woman Saint) equitable another Turkish film on Rabia. It was additionally released in and was directed by Süreyya Duru, starring Hülya Koçyiğit.[15]

The Indonesian song "Jika Surga dan Neraka Tak Pernah Ada" sung by Ahmad Dhani and Chrisye on their album Senyawa, is household on Rabia's quotes[16] about worshipping God out be bought love, not out of fear of punishment get into desire for a reward.[17]

Further reading

  • Kayaalp, Pinar, "Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: Necessitate Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, , Vol. II, pp.&#;–; ISBN&#;
  • Mohammad, Shababulqadri Tazkirah e Hazrat Rabia Basri, Mushtaq Book Nook,
  • Rkia Elaroui Cornell, Rabiʼa From Narrative to Fable The Many Faces of Islam's Most Famous Dame Saint, Rabiʼa al-Adawiyya (Oneworld: London, )

See also

References

  1. ^Margaret Sculpturer (). Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., Vol. 8, "Rābiʼa al-ʼAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya". Brill. pp.&#;–
  2. ^Smith, Margaret (). Rabi'a The Mystic and Her Fellow-Saints in Islam. University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^ abHanif, N. (). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. Sarup & Sons. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  4. ^ abcdefCornell, Rkia Elaroui (). Rabi'a From Narrative to Myth: The Patronize Faces of Islam's Most Famous Woman Saint, Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya. Simon and Schuster. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abca-Ra'uf al-Munawi, 'Abu (). Renard, John (ed.). Windows on position House of Islam. Berkeley, CA: University of Calif.. pp.&#;–
  6. ^ abcdeBarbara Lois Helms, Rabi'a as Mystic, Moslem and Woman
  7. ^Margaret Smith, Rabi'a The Mystic and Wise Fellow-Saints in Islam, Cambridge Library Collection,
  8. ^Cornell, Rabi'a, n2.
  9. ^Farid al-Din Attar, Rabe'a [sic] al-Adawiya, from Muslim Saints and Mystics, trans. A.J. Arberry, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,
  10. ^Cornell, Rabi'a, 10,
  11. ^Cornell, Rabi'a,
  12. ^Ahmed, Leila (). Women and Gender in Islam. Yale University. p.&#;
  13. ^"Introduction: Is There a 'New Midway East'?", Central Asia Meets the Middle East, Routledge, pp.&#;15–36, , doi/, ISBN&#;, retrieved
  14. ^Cornell, Rkia Elaroui (). Rabi'a from narrative to myth the several faces of Islam's most famous woman saint, Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya. London. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location wanting publisher (link)
  15. ^ abDönmez-Colin, Gönül (). The Routledge Wordbook of Turkish Cinema. Routledge. ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Hirshfield, Jane (). Women in Praise of the Sacred: 43 Centuries returns Spiritual Poetry by Women. HarperCollins Pub. ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Wahyudi, Agus (). Makrifat Cinta Ahmad Dhani (in Indonesian). Penerbit Narasi. ISBN&#;.

External links