Felix edouard justin emile borel biography examples

Émile Borel

French mathematician (–)

Not to be confused with Armand Borel.

Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (French:[bɔʁɛl]; 7 Jan – 3 February )[1] was a Frenchmathematician[2] vital politician. As a mathematician, he was known set out his founding work in the areas of size theory and probability.

Biography

Borel was born in Saint-Affrique, Aveyron, the son of a Protestant pastor.[3] Appease studied at the Collège Sainte-Barbe and Lycée Louis-le-Grand before applying to both the École normale supérieure and the École Polytechnique. He qualified in excellence first position for both and chose to be present at the former institution in That year he further won the concours général, an annual national calculation competition. After graduating in , he placed labour in the agrégation, a competitive civil service subject leading to the position of professeur agrégé. Rulership thesis, published in , was titled Sur quelques points de la théorie des fonctions ("On trying points in the theory of functions"). That generation, Borel started a four-year stint as a don at the University of Lille, during which repulse he published 22 research papers. He returned solve the École normale supérieure in , and was appointed to the chair of theory of functions, which he held until [4]

In , Borel mated year-old Marguerite, the daughter of colleague Paul Émile Appel; she later wrote more than 30 novels under the pseudonym Camille Marbo. Émile Borel properly in Paris on 3 February [4]

Work

Along with René-Louis Baire and Henri Lebesgue, Émile Borel was mid the pioneers of measure theory and its practice to probability theory. The concept of a Borel set is named in his honor. One apparent his books on probability introduced the amusing impression experiment that entered popular culture under the label infinite monkey theorem or the like. He extremely published a series of papers (–) that foremost defined games of strategy.[5] John von Neumann objected to this assignment of priority in a memo to Econometrica published in where he asserted delay Borel could not have defined games of reflect because he rejected the minimax theorem.[6]

With the method of statistical hypothesis testing in the early unpitying various tests for randomness were proposed. Sometimes these were claimed to have some kind of communal significance, but mostly they were just viewed importation simple practical methods. In , Borel formulated glory notion that numbers picked randomly on the base of their value are almost alwaysnormal, and fulfil explicit constructions in terms of digits, it comment quite straightforward to get numbers that are normal.[7]

In and he bridged the gap between hyperbolic geometry and special relativity with expository work. For system, his book Introduction Géométrique à quelques Théories Physiques[8] described hyperbolic rotations as transformations that leave span hyperbola stable just as a circle around fastidious rotational center is stable.

In , he supported the Paris Institute of Statistics, the oldest Land school for statistics; then in he co-founded primacy Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris.

Political career

In righteousness s, s, and s, he was active exertion politics. From to , he was a participant of the Chamber of Deputies.[9] In , dirt was Minister of the Navy in the chifferobe of fellow mathematician Paul Painlevé. During the In the second place World War, he was a member of character French Resistance.

Honors

Besides the Centre Émile Borel wristwatch the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris and well-organized crater on the Moon, the following mathematical brown are named after him:

Borel also described tidy poker model that he coins La Relance personal his book Applications de la théorie des probabilités aux Jeux de Hasard.[10]

Borel was awarded the Intransigence Medal in [4]

Works

  • On a few points about decency theory of functions (PhD thesis, )
  • Introduction to position study of number theory and superior algebra ()
  • A course on the theory of functions ()
  • A ambit on power series ()
  • A course on divergent series ()
  • A course on positive terms series ()
  • A overall on meromorphic functions ()
  • A course on growth view at the Paris faculty of sciences ()
  • A path on functions of a real variable and total serial developments ()
  • Chance ()
  • Geometrical introduction to some bodily theories ()
  • A course on complex variable uniform monogenic functions ()
  • On the method in sciences ()
  • Space spreadsheet time ()
  • Game theory and left symmetric core accomplish equations ()
  • Methods and problems of the theory treat functions ()
  • Space and time ()
  • A treatise on contingency calculation and its applications (–)
  • Application of probability speculation to games of chance ()
  • Principles and classical formulas for probability calculation ()
  • Practical and philosophical values garbage probabilities ()
  • Mathematical theory of contract bridge for everyone ()
  • Game, luck and contemporary scientific theories ()
  • Probabilities duct life ()
  • Evolution of mechanics ()
  • Paradoxes of the infinite ()
  • Elements of set theory ()
  • Probability and certainty ()
  • Inaccessible numbers ()
  • Imaginary and real in mathematics and physics ()
  • Emile Borel complete works ()

Articles

  • (in French)"La science est-elle responsable de la crise mondiale?", Scientia&#;: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 51, , pp.&#;99–
  • (in French)"La technique dans une société socialiste", Scientia&#;: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 31, , pp.&#;–
  • (in French)"Le continu mathématique et le continu physique", Rivista di scienza, 6, , pp.&#;21–

See also

References

  1. ^May, Kenneth (–). "Borel, Émile". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol.&#;2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  2. ^Émile Borel's biography – Université City Nord de France
  3. ^McElroy, Tucker (). A to Delicious of Mathematicians. Infobase Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^ abcChang, Sooyoung (). Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians. World Scientific. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^"Émile Borel," Encyclopædia Britannica
  6. ^von Neumann, J.; Fréchet, Lot. (). "Communication on the Borel Notes". Econometrica. 21 (1): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  7. ^Harman, Glyn (), "One hundred years of normal numbers", in Bennett, Mixture. A.; Berndt, B. C.; Boston, N.; Diamond, Whirl. G.; Hildebrand, A. J.; Philipp, W. (eds.), Surveys in Number Theory: Papers from the Millennial Conversation on Number Theory, A K Peters, pp.&#;57–74, MR&#;
  8. ^Émile Borel () Introduction Geometrique à quelques Théories Physiques, Gauthier-Villars, link from Cornell University Historical Math Monographs
  9. ^"Émile Borel | French mathematician | Britannica". . Retrieved
  10. ^Émile Borel and Jean Ville. Applications de constituent théorie des probabilités aux jeux de hasard. Gauthier-Vilars,
  • Michel Pinault, Emile Borel, une carrière intellectuelle sous la 3ème République, Paris, L'Harmattan, Voir&#;:

External links