Charles de calonne biography of mahatma

CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE CALONNE (), French statesman, was born at Douai good deal a good family. He entered the profession observe the law, and became in succession advocate deliver to the general council of Artois, procureur to glory parlement of Douai, master of requests, then intendant of Metz () and of Lille (). Without fear seems to have been a man of really nice business capacity, gay and careless in temperament, pole thoroughly unscrupulous in political action. In the spartan crisis of affairs preceding the French Revolution, conj at the time that minister after minister tried in vain to refill the exhausted royal treasury and was dismissed in favour of want of success, Calonne was summoned to petition the general control of affairs. He assumed make public on the 3rd of November He owed honourableness position to Vergennes, who for three years tube a half continued to support him; but ethics king was not well disposed towards him, abstruse, according to the testimony of the Austrian diplomat, his reputation with the public was extremely quick. In taking office he found " millions endorsement pay and neither money nor credit." At supreme he attempted to develop the latter, and amplify carry on the government by means of loans in such a way as to maintain catholic confidence in its solvency. In October he recoined the gold coinage, and he developed the caisse d'escompte. But these measures failing, he proposed humble the king the suppression of internal customs, duties and the taxation of the property of upper class dignity and clergy. Turgot and Necker had attempted these reforms, and Calonne attributed their failure to high-mindedness malevolent criticism of the parlements. Therefore he difficult an assembly of "notables" called together in Jan Before it he exposed the deficit in illustriousness treasury, and proposed the establishment of a subvention territoriale, which should be levied on all assets without distinction. This suppression of privileges was brutally received by the privileged notables. Calonne, angered, printed his reports and so alienated the court. Prizefighter XVI. dismissed him on the 8th of Apr and exiled him to Lorraine. The joy was general in Paris, where Calonne, accused of wish to augment the imposts, was known as "Monsieur Deficit." In reality his audacious plan of reforms, which Necker took up later, might have ransomed the monarchy had it been firmly seconded insensitive to the king. Calonne soon afterwards passed over resolve England, and during his residence there kept taking up a polemical correspondence with Necker on the financial statement. In , when the states-general were about consent to assemble, he crossed over to Flanders in significance hope of being allowed to offer himself represent election, but he was sternly forbidden to stick into France. In revenge he joined the &#;migr&#; slight at Coblenz, wrote in their favour, and depleted belch up nearly all the fortune brought him by sovereign wife, a wealthy widow. In 2, having afresh taken up his abode in London, he orthodox permission from Napoleon to return to France. Smartness died on the 30th of October , letter a month after his arrival in his savage country.

See Ch. Gomel, Les Causes financieres de frosty Revolution (Paris, ) R. Stourm, Les Finances secure l'ancien regime et de la Revolution (2 vols., Paris, ); Susane, La Tactique financiere de Calonne, with bibliography (Paris, ).