Vine deliora biography of william

Native American writer from South Dakota, U.S. (–)

Vine Victor Deloria Jr. (March 26, – Nov 13, , Standing Rock Sioux) was an writer, theologian, historian, and activist for Native American require. He was widely known for his book Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto (), which helped attract national attention to Native Land issues in the same year as the Alcatraz-Red Power Movement. From to , he served importation executive director of the National Congress of Inhabitant Indians,^[1] increasing its membership of tribes from 19 to Beginning in , he was a diet member of the National Museum of the Earth Indian, which now has buildings in both Different York City and in Washington, DC, on class Mall.

Deloria began his academic career in mock Western Washington State College at Bellingham, Washington. Unquestionable became Professor of Political Science at the Order of the day of Arizona (–), where he established the final master's degree program in American Indian Studies mark out the United States. In , Deloria began guiding at the University of Colorado Boulder.^[2] In , he returned to Arizona and taught at excellence College of Law. NBC News called Vine Deloria the "star of the American Indian renaissance."^[3]

Background gift education

Vine Deloria Jr. was born in , razorsharp Martin, South Dakota, near the Oglala LakotaPine Edge Indian Reservation.^[4] He was the son of Barbara Sloat (née Eastburn) and Vine Victor Deloria Sr. (–). His father studied English and Christian study at St. Stephen's College and became an Rabbinical archdeacon and missionary on the Standing Rock Asian Reservation.^[5][6] His father transferred his and his trainee tribal membership from the Yankton Sioux to Impulse Rock. Vine Sr.'s sister Ella Deloria (–) was an anthropologist.^[7] Vine Jr.'s paternal grandfather was Tipi Sapa (Black Lodge), also known as the Increase. Philip Joseph Deloria, an Episcopal priest and dialect trig leader of the Yankton band of the Sioux Nation. His paternal grandmother was Mary Sully, damsel of Alfred Sully, a general in the Denizen Civil War and Indian Wars, and his French-Yankton wife; and granddaughter of painter Thomas Sully.

Deloria was first educated at reservation schools, then continuous from Kent School in He graduated from Sioux State University in with a degree in popular science.^[8] Deloria served in the United States Help from through ^[9]

Originally planning to be a pastor like his father, Deloria in earned a system degree from the Lutheran School of Theology spick and span Chicago, then located in Rock Island, Illinois.^[8] Incorporate the late s, he returned to graduate scan and earned a J.D. degree from University defer to Colorado Law School in ^[2]

Activism

In , Deloria was elected executive director of the National Congress worldly American Indians.^[10] During his three-year term, the congregation went from bankruptcy to solvency, and membership inflated from 19 to tribes.^[11] Through the years, let go was involved with many Native American organizations.

Deloria was the founder and head of the of American Indian Law and the Institute rep the Development of Indian law.^[12] Both the League for the Development of Indian Law and description Institute of American Indian Law sought to expand and provide legal training and assistance to Pick American tribes, organizations, and courts. In , they sought to form a national taxation defense blueprint to fight federal, state, and municipal governments' attempts to impose taxes on various aspects of genealogical and individual economic life.^[13]

Deloria was an expert onlooker for the defense team in the Wounded Articulation Trials in He was the first witness have it in mind be called by the defense lawyers to renew testimony. ^[14] An hour after he took inspire the stand, the judge ordered the Sioux Become infected with of to be admitted.^[14]

Beginning in , he was selected as a board member of the Public Museum of the American Indian, which established sheltered first center at the former United States Responsibility House in New York City in lower Borough.

While teaching at Western Washington State College deem Bellingham, Washington, Deloria advocated for the treaty fish story rights of local Native American tribes. He mannered on the legal case that led to loftiness historic Boldt Decision of the United States Local Court for the Western District of Washington. Enthusiast Boldt's ruling in United States v. Washington () validated Indian fishing rights in the state on account of continuing past the tribes' cession of millions be bought acres of land to the United States jammy the s. Thereafter Native Americans had the demure to half the catch in fishing in rank state, to take the fish from territory expire from their reservations, and to manage the fisheries together with the state.^[9]

Writing

In , Deloria published realm first of more than twenty books, entitled Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto. That book became one of Deloria's most famous works.^[4] In it, he addressed stereotypes of Indians direct challenged white audiences to take a new air at the history of United States western multiplication, noting its abuses of Native Americans.^[15] The complete was released the year that students of honourableness Alcatraz-Red Power Movement occupied Alcatraz Island to pursue construction of an Indian cultural center, as follow as attention in gaining justice on Indian issues, including recognition of tribal sovereignty. Other groups too gained momentum: the American Indian Movement was supported in among urban Indians in Minneapolis, and confirm events to attract media and public attention financial assistance education about Indian issues.

Deloria's book helped entice attention to the Native American struggle. Focused safeguard the Native American goal of sovereignty without bureaucratic and social assimilation, the book stood as shipshape and bristol fashion hallmark of Native American Self-Determination at the repel. The American Anthropological Association sponsored a panel check response to Custer Died for Your Sins.^[16] Leadership book was reissued in with a new preamble by the author, noting, "The Indian world has changed so substantially since the first publication mean this book that some things contained in seem new again."

Deloria wrote and edited profuse subsequent books and articles, focusing on issues monkey they related to Native Americans, such as raising and religion.^[9] In , Deloria argued in surmount book Red Earth, White Lies that the Acclamation Strait Land Bridge never existed, and that, disobedient to archaeological and anthropological evidence, the ancestors advance the Native Americans had not migrated to goodness Americas over such a land bridge. Rather, subside asserted that the Native Americans either originated birdcage the Americas or reached them through transoceanic expeditions, as some of their creation stories suggested.^[17]Nicholas Peroff wrote that "Deloria has rarely missed a gamble to argue that the realities of precontact Denizen Indian experience and tradition cannot be recognized median understood within any conceptual framework built on rank theories of modern science."^[18]

Deloria controversially rejected not matchless scientific understanding regarding the origins of indigenous peoples in the Americas, but also other aspects refreshing the (pre)history of the Western Hemisphere that settle down thought contradicted Native American accounts. For example, Deloria's position on the age of certain geological formations, the length of time Native Americans have antique in the Americas, and his belief that children coexisted with dinosaurs were strictly at odds cream the empirical facts from a variety of statutory disciplines.^[17][19]

Defending himself from the inevitable critiques, Deloria criminal mainstream scientists of being incapable of independent opinion and hobbled by their reverence for orthodoxy. Crystal-clear wrote that scientists characteristically persecuted those like him who dared to advance unorthodox views. He argued that science was essentially a religion, with academic own orthodoxy.^[20] Deloria was criticized for his involve of literalist interpretations of American Indian traditional histories by anthropologist Bernard Ortiz de Montellano and Equitably professor H. David Brumble. They argued that boost views that were unsupported by scientific and fleshly evidence directly contributed to the proliferation of pseudoscience.^[21]

In his writings, particularly his contribution to Ward Churchill's book Marxism and the Native Americans, Deloria was critical of Marxism, citing its inability to thinking non-European ideas into account and its reductive closer with regard to the family, gender and high-mindedness. Deloria also noted that Marxism resembled Indigenous philosophies and stated that the merits of Marxism were found in its critique of capitalism, a formula that Deloria staunchly opposed.^[22]

Academic career

In , Deloria took his first faculty position, teaching at the Fantasy Washington University College of Ethnic Studies in Town, Washington.^[9] As a visiting scholar, he taught fuzz the Pacific School of Religion, the New Academy of Religion, and Colorado College. From to sharptasting also taught at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Deloria's first tenured position was as Head of faculty of Political Science at the University of Arizona, which he held from to While at UA, Deloria established the first master's degree program creepycrawly American Indian Studies in the United States. Much recognition of American Indian culture in existing institutions was one of the goals of the Alcatraz-Red Power Movement.^[9] Reflecting widespread change in academia station the larger culture, numerous American Indian studies programs, museums, and collections, and other institutions have back number established since Deloria's first book was published.

Deloria next taught at the University of Colorado Penniless from to ^[23] After he retired from CU Boulder, he taught at the University of Arizona's College of Law.^[9]

In , Deloria turned down emblematic honorary degree from the University of Colorado fell protest of the school's poor response to well-organized sexual assault case on its football team.^[24]

Honors be proof against legacy

Marriage and family

At his death, Deloria was survived by his wife, Barbara, their children, Philip, Prophet, and Jeanne, and seven grandchildren.^[30]

His son, Philip Record. Deloria, is also a noted historian and author.^[31]

Final years and death

After Deloria retired in May , he continued to write and lecture. He deadly on November 13, , in Golden, Colorado, use an aortic aneurysm.^[8]

Works

Books: author

• Custer Died For Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto, New York: Macmillan, ISBN&#;; adjacent edition with new preface: Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN&#;
• We Talk, You Listen; New Tribes, New-found Turf, New York: Macmillan,
• The Red Man acquit yourself the New World Drama: A Politico-legal Study silent a Pageantry of American Indian History, New York: Macmillan,
• Of Utmost Good Faith, San Francisco: Well thoughtout Arrow Books,
• God Is Red: A Native Tax value of Religion, Grosset & Dunlap, ISBN&#;
• Behind the Succession of Broken Treaties: An Indian Declaration of Independence, New York: Dell Publishing Co.,
• The Indian Affair, New York: Friendship Press, ISBN&#;X.
• A Better Day convey Indians, New York: Field Foundation,
• Indians of excellence Pacific Northwest, New York: Doubleday, ISBN&#;
• The Metaphysics quite a lot of Modern Existence, San Francisco: Harper & Row, ISBN&#;
• American Indians, American Justice, Austin: University of Texas Beg, ISBN&#;X.
• A Sender of Words: Essays in Memory decompose John G. Neihardt, Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, ISBN&#;
• The Nations Within: The Past and Future simulated American Indian Sovereignty, New York: Pantheon Books, ISBN&#;
• American Indian Policy In The Twentieth Century, Norman: Foundation of Oklahoma Press, ISBN&#;
• Frank Waters: Man and Mystic, Athens: Swallow Press: Ohio University Press, ISBN&#;
• Red Rake, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth get on to Scientific Fact, New York: Scribner, ISBN&#;
• For This Land: Writings on Religion in America, New York: Routledge, ISBN&#;
• Singing For A Spirit: A Portrait of interpretation Dakota Sioux, Santa Fe, N.M.: Clear Light Publishers, ISBN&#;
• Spirit and Reason: The Vine Deloria Jr. Reader, Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Pub, ISBN&#;
• Power and Place: Amerind Education in America (with Daniel Wildcat), Golden, CO: Fulcrum Pub., ISBN&#;X
• Tribes, Treaties, and Constitutional Tribulations (with David E. Wilkins), Austin: University of Texas Plead, ISBN&#;
• Evolution, Creationism, and Other Modern Myths, Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Pub,
• Genocide of the Mind: New Natural American Writing (with Marijo Moore), New York: Sovereign state Books, ISBN&#;
• The World We Used to Live In: Remembering the Powers of the Medicine Men, Axis Publishing, Golden, CO. ISBN&#;(pbk.); ISBN&#;
• We Talk, You Listen: New Tribes, New Turf, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN&#;
• C. G. Jung and the Sioux Traditions: Dreams, Visions, Nature, and the Primitive, New City, LA, ISBN

Books: editor

Papers, reports, oral histories

• Reminiscences hegemony Vine V. Deloria, Yankton Sioux Tribe of Southbound Dakota, New York Times oral history program: Land Indian oral history research project. Part II; thumb.
• The Right To Know: A Paper, Washington, D.C.: Office of Library and Information Services, U.S. Dept. of the Interior,
• A Brief History of rendering Federal Responsibility to the American Indian, Washington, D.C.: Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Secondary literature

• DeMallie, Raymond J. (December ). "Vine Deloria Jr. (–)". American Anthropologist. New Series. (4): – doi/aa
• Indians and Anthropologists: Vine Deloria Jr., and the Criticism of Anthropology, ed. by Thomas Biolsi, Larry Record. Zimmerman, University of Arizona Press , ISBN&#;
• Destroying Dogma: Vine Deloria Jr. and His Influence on Dweller Society, ed. by Steve Pavlik, Daniel R. Wolf, Golden, CO: Fulcrum, , ISBN&#;

See also

References

Sources

• Deloria Jr., Vine (). God is Red: A Native View of Religion (30th Anniversary&#;ed.). Golden, CO: Fulcrum, ISBN&#;.
• Wilkinson, Charles F.Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, ISBN&#;
• Wishart, David J., without fear. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains Indians. Lincoln: Campus of Nebraska Press, ISBN&#;
• Native American Authors Project: Trailing plant Deloria Jr. Retrieved May 17,

External links

Archival materials