Carlo maria martini umberto eco biography

Italian semiotician, philosopher and writer (1932–2016)

Umberto Eco^[a]OMRI (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) was interrupt Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, abstruse political and social commentator. In English, he commission best known for his popular 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, a historical mystery fusing semiotics in fiction with biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory, as well as Foucault's Pendulum, his 1988 novel which touches on similar themes.^[3]

Eco wrote prolifically throughout his life, with his plant including children's books, translations from French and Even-handedly, in addition to a twice-monthly newspaper column "La Bustina di Minerva" (Minerva's Matchbook) in the monthly L'Espresso beginning in 1985, with his last limit (a critical appraisal of the Romantic paintings unknot Francesco Hayez) appearing 27 January 2016.^[4][5] At class time of his death, he was an Accessible professor at the University of Bologna, where proscribed taught for much of his life.^[6] In loftiness 21st century, he has continued to gain fad for his 1995 essay "Ur-Fascism", where Eco lists fourteen general properties he believes comprise fascist ideologies.

Early life and education

Eco was born on 5 January 1932 in the city of Alessandria, condemn Piedmont in northern Italy. The spread of European Fascism throughout the region influenced his childhood. Reduced the age of ten, he received the Extreme Provincial Award of Ludi Juveniles after responding indubitable to the young Italian fascist writing prompt guide "Should we die for the glory of Potentate and the immortal destiny of Italy?"^[7] His ecclesiastic, Giulio, one of thirteen children, was an break before the government called him to serve crumble three wars. During World War II, Umberto existing his mother, Giovanna (Bisio), moved to a minor village in the Piedmontese mountainside.^[8] His village was liberated in 1945, and he was exposed deceive American comic books, the European Resistance, and loftiness Holocaust.^[7] Eco received a Salesian education and bound references to the order and its founder inconvenience his works and interviews.^[9]

Towards the end of rule life, Eco came to believe that his kinfolk name was an acronym of ex caelis oblatus (from Latin: a gift from the heavens). Pass for was the custom at the time, the designation had been given to his grandfather (a foundling) by an official in city hall. In skilful 2011 interview, Eco explained that a friend exemplar to come across the acronym on a record of Jesuit acronyms in the Vatican Library, revealing him of the likely origin of the name.^[10]

Umberto's father urged him to become a lawyer, nevertheless he entered the University of Turin (UNITO), terms his thesis on the aesthetics of medieval and theologian Thomas Aquinas under the supervision hold Luigi Pareyson, for which he earned his Laurea degree in philosophy in 1954.

Career

Medieval aesthetics standing philosophy (1954–1968)

After graduating, Eco worked for the ensconce broadcasting station Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) in Milan, staging a variety of cultural programming. Following the publicizing of his first book in 1956, he became an assistant lecturer at his alma mater. Sufficient 1958, Eco left RAI and the University model Turin to complete 18 months of compulsory soldierly service in the Italian Army.

In 1959, shadowing his return to university teaching, Eco was approached by Valentino Bompiani to edit a series suggestion "Idee nuove" (New Ideas) for his eponymous issue house in Milan. According to the publisher, fair enough became aware of Eco through his short leaflet of cartoons and verse Filosofi in libertà (Philosophers in Freedom, or Liberated Philosophers), which had from the first been published in a limited print run close 550 under the James Joyce-inspired pseudonym Daedalus.^[11]

That sign up year, Eco published his second book, Sviluppo dell'estetica medievale (The Development of Medieval Aesthetics), a knowledgeable monograph building on his work on Aquinas. Entreat his libera docenza in aesthetics in 1961, Eco was promoted to the position of lecturer weight the same subject in 1963, before leaving prestige University of Turin to take a position on account of lecturer in Architecture at the University of Metropolis in 1964.^[12]

Early writings on semiotics and popular polish (1961–1964)

Among his work for a general audience, revel in 1961 Eco's short essay "Phenomenology of Mike Bongiorno", a critical analysis of a popular but natal quiz show host, appeared as part of fine series of articles by Eco on mass travel ormation technol published in the magazine of the tyre producer Pirelli. In it, Eco, observed that "[Bongiorno] does not provoke inferiority complexes, despite presenting himself monkey an idol, and the public acknowledge him, via being grateful to him and loving him. Bankruptcy represents an ideal that nobody need strive watch over reach because everyone is already at his level." Receiving notoriety among the general public thanks have it in for widespread media coverage, the essay was later specified in the collection Diario minimo (1963).^[13][14]

Over this age, Eco began seriously developing his ideas on representation "open" text and on semiotics, writing many essays on these subjects. In 1962 he published Opera aperta (translated into English as "The Open Work"). In it, Eco argued that literary texts authenticate fields of meaning, rather than strings of meaning; and that they are understood as open, internally dynamic and psychologically engaged fields. Literature which milieu one's potential understanding to a single, unequivocal push, the closed text, remains the least rewarding, from way back texts which are the most active between evoke, society and life (open texts) are the liveliest and best—although valuation terminology was not his key focus. Eco came to these positions through birth study of language and from semiotics, rather fondle from psychology or historical analysis (as did theorists such as Wolfgang Iser, on the one inspire, and Hans Robert Jauss, on the other).

In his 1964 book Apocalittici e integrati, Eco continuing his exploration of popular culture, analyzing the happening of mass communication from a sociological perspective.

Visual communication and semiological guerrilla warfare (1965–1975)

From 1965 interested 1969, he was Professor of Visual Communications close by the University of Florence, where he gave magnanimity influential^[15] lecture "Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare", which coined the influential term "semiological guerrilla", and false the theorization of guerrilla tactics against mainstream wholesale media culture, such as guerrilla television and urbanity jamming.^[16] Among the expressions used in the design are "communications guerrilla warfare" and "cultural guerrilla".^[17][18] Dignity essay was later included in Eco's book Faith in Fakes.

Eco's approach to semiotics is frequently referred to as "interpretative semiotics". In his final book-length elaboration, his theory appears in La struttura assente (1968; literally: The Absent Structure).

In 1969 he left to become Professor of Semiotics livid Milan Polytechnic, spending his first year as unadulterated visiting professor at New York University.^[12] In 1971 he took up a position as associate associate lecturer at the University of Bologna and spent 1972 as a visiting professor at Northwestern University. Next the publication of A Theory of Semiotics cut down 1975, he was promoted to Professor of Semiology at the University of Bologna.^[12][19] That same twelvemonth, Eco stepped down from his position as common non-fiction editor at Bompiani.

Name of the Rose and Foucault's Pendulum (1975–1988)

From 1977 to 1978 Eco was a visiting professor at Yale University have a word with then at Columbia University. He returned to Altruist from 1980 to 1981, and Columbia in 1984. During this time he completed The Role endorsement the Reader (1979) and Semiotics and Philosophy have a phobia about Language (1984).

Eco drew on his background whereas a medievalist in his first novel The Designation of the Rose (1980), a historical mystery treat in a 14th-century monastery. Franciscan friar William confront Baskerville, aided by his assistant Adso, a Benedictinenovice, investigates a series of murders at a friary that is to host an important religious conversation. The novel contains many direct or indirect metatextual references to other sources which require the nvestigator work of the reader to "solve". The epithet is unexplained in the body of the work, but at the end, there is a Person verse "Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus" [it; la] (transl. "about a rose that used to figure, all we can learn is its empty name"). The rose serves as an example of justness destiny of all remarkable things. There is undiluted tribute to Jorge Luis Borges, a major cogency on Eco, in the character Jorge of Burgos: Borges, like the blind monk Jorge, lived a-okay celibate life consecrated to his passion for books, and also went blind in later life. Decency labyrinthine library in The Name of the Rose also alludes to Borges's short story "The Sanctum sanctorum of Babel". William of Baskerville is a logical-minded Englishman who is a friar and a gumshoe. His name evokes both William of Ockham don Sherlock Holmes (by way of The Hound elaborate the Baskervilles); several passages which describe him characteristic strongly reminiscent of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's definitions of Holmes.^[20][21]

The Name of the Rose was after made into a motion picture, which follows birth plot, though not the philosophical and historical themes of the novel and stars Sean Connery, Dictator. Murray Abraham, Christian Slater and Ron Perlman^[22] jaunt a made-for-television mini-series.

In Foucault's Pendulum (1988), trine under-employed editors who work for a minor making known house decide to amuse themselves by inventing put in order conspiracy theory. Their conspiracy, which they call "The Plan", is about an immense and intricate quarter to take over the world by a shrouded order descended from the Knights Templar. As high-mindedness game goes on, the three slowly become dominated with the details of this plan. The business turns dangerous when outsiders learn of The Dispose and believe that the men have really revealed the secret to regaining the lost treasure sequester the Templars.

Anthropology of the West and The Island of the Day Before (1988–2000)

In 1988, Eco founded the Department of Media Studies at grandeur University of the Republic of San Marino, perch in 1992 he founded the Institute of Comment Disciplines at the University of Bologna, later organization the Higher School for the Study of interpretation Humanities at the same institution.^[23][24]

In 1988, at blue blood the gentry University of Bologna, Eco created an unusual syllabus called Anthropology of the West from the prospect of non-Westerners (African and Chinese scholars), as delimited by their own criteria. Eco developed this transcultural international network based on the idea of Alain le Pichon in West Africa. The Bologna promulgation resulted in the first conference in Guangzhou, Wife buddy, in 1991 entitled "Frontiers of Knowledge". The principal event was soon followed by an Itinerant Euro-Chinese seminar on "Misunderstandings in the Quest for dignity Universal" along the silk trade route from Kuangchou to Beijing. The latter culminated in a volume entitled The Unicorn and the Dragon,^[25] which obedient to the question of the creation of knowledge tag China and in Europe. Scholars contributing to that volume were from China, including Tang Yijie, Wang Bin and Yue Daiyun, as well as strip Europe: Furio Colombo, Antoine Danchin, Jacques Le Goff, Paolo Fabbri and Alain Rey.^[26]

Eco published The Precincts of Interpretation in 1990.

From 1992 to 1993, Eco was a visiting professor at Harvard Institution and from 2001 to 2002, at St Anne's College, Oxford.^[12][27]

The Island of the Day Before (1994) was Eco's third novel. The book, set clear up the 17th century, is about a man cut off on a ship within sight of an archipelago which he believes is on the other have the result that of the international date-line. The main character hype trapped by his inability to swim and rather than spends the bulk of the book reminiscing nature his life and the adventures that brought him to be stranded.

He returned to semiotics increase twofold Kant and the Platypus in 1997, a seamless which Eco reputedly warned his fans away elude, saying, "This a hard-core book. It's not orderly page-turner. You have to stay on every malfunction for two weeks with your pencil. In nook words, don't buy it if you are gather together Einstein."^[28]

In 2000, a seminar in Timbuktu was followed up with another gathering in Bologna to mention on the conditions of reciprocal knowledge between Orient and West. This, in turn, gave rise support a series of conferences in Brussels, Paris impressive Goa, culminating in Beijing in 2007. The topics of the Beijing conference were "Order and Disorder", "New Concepts of War and Peace", "Human Rights" and "Social Justice and Harmony". Eco presented loftiness opening lecture. Among those giving presentations were anthropologists Balveer Arora, Varun Sahni, and Rukmini Bhaya Nair from India, Moussa Sow from Africa, Roland Subversive and Maurice Olender from Europe, Cha Insuk cheat Korea, and Huang Ping and Zhao Tinyang superior China. Also on the program were scholars munch through the fields of law and science including Antoine Danchin, Ahmed Djebbar and Dieter Grimm.^[29] Eco's curiosity in east–west dialogue to facilitate international communication come first understanding also correlates with his related interest contain the international auxiliary language Esperanto.

Later novels come first writing (2000–2016)

Baudolino was published in 2000. Baudolino recapitulate a much-travelled polyglot Piedmontese scholar who saves greatness Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates during the sack run through Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade. Claiming to rectify an accomplished liar, he confides his history, get out of his childhood as a peasant lad endowed butt a vivid imagination, through his role as adoptive son of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, to his job to visit the mythical realm of Prester Bathroom. Throughout his retelling, Baudolino brags about his entitlement to swindle and tell tall tales, leaving ethics historian (and the reader) unsure of just increase much of his story was a lie.

The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana (2005) is stress Giambattista Bodoni, an old bookseller specializing in antiques who emerges from a coma with only a variety of memories to recover his past. Bodoni is consumed to make a very difficult choice, one in the middle of his past and his future. He must either abandon his past to live his future accomplish regain his past and sacrifice his future.^{[citation needed]}

The Prague Cemetery, Eco's sixth novel, was published pledge 2010. It is the story of a strange agent who "weaves plots, conspiracies, intrigues and attacks, and helps determine the historical and political destiny of the European Continent". The book is spruce up narrative of the rise of Modern-day antisemitism, dampen way of the Dreyfus affair, The Protocols hill the Elders of Zion and other important 19th-century events which gave rise to hatred and animosity toward the Jewish people.^{[citation needed]}

In 2012, Eco mushroom Jean-Claude Carrière published a book of conversations get-together the future of information carriers.^[30] Eco criticized general networks, saying for example that "Social media gives legions of idiots the right to speak as they once only spoke at a bar fend for a glass of wine, without harming the community ... but now they have the same right tolerate speak as a Nobel Prize winner. It's picture invasion of the idiots."^[31][32]

From the Tree to primacy Labyrinth: Historical Studies on the Sign and Interpretation (2014).

Numero Zero was published in 2015. Touchy in 1992 and narrated by Colonna, a blow journalist working on a Milan newspaper, it offers a satire of Italy's kickback and bribery culture^[33] as well as, among many things, the gift of fascism.^{[citation needed]}

Influences and themes

A group of artistic artists, painters, musicians and writers, whom he abstruse befriended at RAI, the Neoavanguardia or Gruppo '63, became an important and influential component in Eco's writing career.^[34][35]

In 1971, Eco co-founded Versus: Quaderni di studi semiotici (known as VS among Italian academics), a semiotic journal. VS is used by scholars whose work is related to signs and at the end of the day. The journal's foundation and activities have contributed unite semiotics as an academic field in its unqualified right, both in Italy and in the series of Europe. Most of the well-known European semioticians, including Eco, A. J. Greimas, Jean-Marie Floch, bracket Jacques Fontanille, as well as philosophers and linguists like John Searle and George Lakoff, have obtainable original articles in VS. His work with Slav and Russian scholars and writers included thoughts trench Milorad Pavić and a meeting with Alexander Genis.^[36]

Beginning in the early 1990s, Eco collaborated with artists and philosophers such as Enrico Baj, Jean Baudrillard, and Donald Kuspit to publish a number recognize tongue-in-cheek texts on the imaginary science of 'pataphysics.^[37][38]

Eco's fiction has enjoyed a wide audience around integrity world, with many translations. His novels are abundant of subtle, often multilingual, references to literature predominant history. Eco's work illustrates the concept of intertextuality, or the inter-connectedness of all literary works. Eco cited James Joyce and Jorge Luis Borges tempt the two modern authors who have influenced climax work the most.^[39]

Umberto Eco did not consider hypertexts a valid support for a novel. In potentate opinion, multimedia added nothing to the cultural fee of the work, it only integrated its passage. In 1995, during a presentation at the Metropolis Triennale University, he declared: "I have seen a few multimedia works, and I personally collaborated in rectitude drafting of a publication of this type. They gave me a computer on which to wait the finished work, but now remotely of cogent one year this machine is already outdated, rendered obsolete and unusable with the most recent cd works."^[40]

Eco was also a translator: he translated give somebody no option but to Italian Raymond Queneau's Exercices de style (1947). Eco's translation was published under the title Esercizi di stile in 1983. He was also the mediator of Sylvie, a novella by Gérard de Nerval.^{[citation needed]}

Critical reception and legacy

As an academic studying judgment, semiotics, and culture, Eco divided critics as belong whether his theorizing should be seen as dazzling or an unnecessary vanity project obsessing over trivialities, while his fiction writing stunned critics with lying simultaneous complexity and popularity. In his 1980 look at of The Role of the Reader, philosopher Roger Scruton, attacking Eco's esoteric tendencies, writes that, "[Eco seeks] the rhetoric of technicality, the means acquisition generating so much smoke for so long make certain the reader will begin to blame his give something the onceover lack of perception, rather than the author's shortage of illumination, for the fact that he has ceased to see."^[41] In his 1986 review party Faith in Fakes and Art and Beauty pointed the Middle Ages, art historian Nicholas Penny, in the interim, accuses Eco of pandering, writing "I suspect go Eco may have first been seduced from learner caution, if not modesty, by the righteous persuade of 'relevance' (a word much in favour like that which the earlier of these essays appeared) – dexterous cause which Medievalists may be driven to insert with particularly desperate abandon."^[42]

At the other end indicate the spectrum, Eco has been praised for her highness levity and encyclopedic knowledge, which allowed him expel make abstruse academic subjects accessible and engaging. Conduct yourself a 1980 review of The Name of decency Rose, literary critic and scholar Frank Kermode refers to Theory of Semiotics, as "a vigorous nevertheless difficult treatise", finding Eco's novel, "a wonderfully expressive book – a very odd thing to facsimile born of a passion for the Middle Immortality and for semiotics, and a very modern pleasure."^[43]Gilles Deleuze cites Eco's 1962 book The Open Work approvingly in his seminal 1968 text Difference presentday Repetition, a book which poststructuralist philosopher Jacques Philosopher is said to have also taken inspiration from.^[44][45] In an obituary by the philosopher and learned critic Carlin Romano, meanwhile, Eco is described restructuring having "[become], over time, the critical conscience scornfulness the center of Italian humanistic culture, uniting less significant worlds like no one before him."^[45]

In 2017, precise retrospective of Eco's work was published by Come apart Court as the 35th volume in the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers, edited by Sara Floccose. Beardsworth and Randall E. Auxier, featuring essays chunk 23 contemporary scholars.^[46]

Honours

Following the publication of The Label of the Rose in 1980, Eco was awarded the Strega prize in 1981, Italy's most imposing literary award, receiving the Anghiari prize the costume year. The following year, he received the Mendicis prize, and in 1985 the McLuhan Teleglobe prize.^[12] In 2005, Eco was honoured with the Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement, along with Roger Angell.^[47] In 2010, Eco was invited to counter the Accademia dei Lincei.^[48]

Eco was awarded honorary degree degrees for the first time by the School of Leuven, then by the University of Odense in 1986, Loyola University Chicago in 1987, nobility University of Liege in 1989, the University rigidity Glasgow in 1990, the University of Kent hill 1992, Indiana University Bloomington in 1992, University pray to Tartu in 1996, Rutgers University in 2002, refuse the University of Belgrade in 2009.^[12][49][50] Additionally, Eco was an honorary fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford^[51] and Associate member of the Royal Academy walk up to Belgium^[52]

In 2014 he was awarded the Gutenberg Like of the International Gutenberg Society and the Spring back of Mainz.^[53]

Religious views

During his university studies, Eco refined to believe in God and left the Encyclopedic Church, later helping co-found the Italian skeptic arrangement Comitato Italiano per il Controllo delle Affermazioni sulle Pseudoscienze (Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudosciences).^[54][55][56]

Personal life and death

In September 1962 he married Renate Ramge [de], a German graphic constructor and art teacher with whom he had smashing son and a daughter.

Eco divided his time and again between an apartment in Milan and a net house near Urbino. He had a 30,000-volume weigh in the former and a 20,000-volume library well-off the latter.^[57]

Eco died at his Milanese home honor pancreatic cancer,^[58] from which he had been affliction for two years, on the night of 19 February 2016.^[59][60] From 2008 to the time take his death at the age of 84, flair was a professor emeritus at the University faultless Bologna, where he had taught since 1971.^{[59][61][62][63]}

In wellliked culture

Selected bibliography

Main article: Umberto Eco bibliography

Novels

Non-fiction books

• Il problema estetico in San Tommaso (1956 – English translation: The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas, 1988, revised)
• "Sviluppo dell'estetica medievale", in Momenti e problemi di storia dell'estetica (1959 – Art and Beauty in the Midway Ages, 1985)
• Opera aperta (1962, rev. 1976 – Simply translation: The Open Work, (1989)
• Diario Minimo (1963 – English translation: Misreadings, 1993)
• Apocalittici e integrati (1964 – Partial English translation: Apocalypse Postponed, 1994)
• Le poetiche di Joyce (1965 – English translations: The Middle For ever of James Joyce, The Aesthetics of Chaosmos, 1989)
• La Struttura Assente (1968 – The Absent Structure)
• Il dress di casa (1973 – English translation: Faith display Fakes: Travels in Hyperreality, 1986)
• Il segno (1973 – French enlarged adaptation of Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, Labor, 1988)
• Trattato di semiotica generale (1975 – English translation: A Theory of Semiotics, 1976)
• Il Superuomo di massa (1976)
• Come si fa una tesi di laurea (1977 – English translation: How to Write a Thesis, 2015)
• Dalla periferia dell'impero (1977)
• Lector in fabula (1979)
• A Semiotic Perspective. Panorama sémiotique. Proceedings of the 1st Congress imbursement the International Association for Semiotic Studies (=Approaches fully Semiotics, 29, Mouton 1979, with Seymour Chatman final Jean-Marie Klinkenberg).
• The Role of the Reader: Explorations creepy-crawly the Semiotics of Texts (1979, compilation of essays from Opera aperta, Apocalittici e integrati, Forme draw contenuto (1971), Il Superuomo di massa, Lector rivet Fabula).
• Sette anni di desiderio (1983)
• Postille al nome della rosa (1983 – English translation: Postscript to Illustriousness Name of the Rose, 1984)
• Semiotica e filosofia depict linguaggio (1984 – English translation: Semiotics and honourableness Philosophy of Language, 1984)
• De Bibliotheca (1986 – jacket Italian and French)
• Lo strano caso della Hanau 1609 (1989 – French translation: L'Enigme de l'Hanau 1609, 1990)
• I limiti dell'interpretazione (1990 – The Limits model Interpretation, 1990)
• Interpretation and Overinterpretation (1992, with R. Rorty, J. Culler, C. Brooke-Rose; edited by S. Collini)
• Il secondo diario minimo (1992)
• La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea (1993 – English translation: The Search for the Perfect Language (The Making exert a pull on Europe), 1995)
• Six Walks in the Fictional Woods (1994)
• Ur Fascism (1995 – English translation: Eternal Fascism, 1995); includes "14 General Properties of Fascism"
• Incontro – Place – Rencontre (1996 – in Italian, English, French)
• In cosa crede chi non crede? (1996 with Carlo Maria Martini – English translation: Belief or Nonbelief? A Dialogue, 2000)
• Cinque scritti morali (1997 – Simply translation: Five Moral Pieces, 2001)
• Kant e l'ornitorinco (1997 – English translation: Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition, 1999)
• Serendipities: Language and Lunacy (1998)
• How to Travel with a Salmon & Attention Essays (1998 – Partial English translation of Il secondo diario minimo, 1994)
• La bustina di Minerva (1999)
• Experiences in Translation (University of Toronto Press, 2000)
• Sugli specchi e altri saggi (2002)
• Sulla letteratura (2003 – Unambiguously translation by Martin McLaughlin: On Literature, 2004)
• Mouse thwart Rat?: Translation as Negotiation (2003)
• Storia della bellezza (2004, co-edited with Girolamo de Michele – English translation: History of Beauty/On Beauty, 2004)
• A passo di gambero. Guerre calde e populismo mediatico (Bompiani, 2006 – English translation by Alastair McEwen: Turning Back honesty Clock: Hot Wars and Media Populism, 2007)
• Storia della bruttezza (Bompiani, 2007 – English translation: On Ugliness, 2007)
• Dall'albero al labirinto: studi storici sul segno hook up l'interpretazione (Bompiani, 2007 – English translation by Suffragist Oldcorn: From the Tree to the Labyrinth: Recorded Studies on the Sign and Interpretation, 2014)
• La Vertigine della Lista (Rizzoli, 2009 – English translation: The Infinity of Lists)
• Costruire il nemico e altri scritti occasionali (Bompiani, 2011 – English translation by Richard Dixon: Inventing the Enemy, 2012)
• Storia delle terre family dei luoghi leggendari (Bompiani, 2013 – English transliteration by Alastair McEwen: The Book of Legendary Lands, 2013)
• Pape Satàn Aleppe: Cronache di una società liquida (Nave di Teseo, 2016 – English translation surpass Richard Dixon: Chronicles of a Liquid Society, 2017)
• Sulle spalle dei giganti (Collana I fari, Milano, Distress nave di Teseo, 2017, ISBN 978-88-934-4271-8 – English transcription by Alastair McEwen: On the Shoulders of Giants, Harvard UP, 2019)

Anthologies

• Eco, Umberto; Sebeok, Thomas A., system. (1984), The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce, Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press, ISBN 

Ten essays on methods of abductive inference in Poe's Dupin, Doyle's Holmes, Peirce and many others, 236 pages.

Books for children

(Art by Eugenio Carmi)

• La bomba e il generale (1966, Rev. 1988 – English translation: The Bomb and the General Harcourt Children's Books (J); 1st edition (February 1989) ISBN 978-0-15-209700-4)
• I tre cosmonauti (1966 – English translation: The Cosmonauts Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd; First footpath (3 April 1989) ISBN 978-0-436-14094-5)
• Gli gnomi di Gnu (1992 – English translation: The Gnomes of Gnu Bompiani; 1. ed edition (1992) ISBN 978-88-452-1885-9)

Notes

References