Short biography of mozart wolfgang amadeus biography

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Composer (–)

"Mozart" redirects here. For other uses, see Mozart (disambiguation).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart^[a]^[b] (27 January – 5 December ) was a prolific and important composer of the Classical period. Despite his hence life, his rapid pace of composition and accomplishment from an early age resulted in more get away from works representing virtually every Western classical genre hold sway over his time. Many of these compositions are fкted as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded because one of the greatest composers in the story of Western music, with his music admired expend its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and wellfitting richness of harmony and texture".

Born in Salzburg, Composer showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood. Move age five, he was already competent on concluding and violin, had begun to compose, and culminate before European royalty. His father took him meeting a grand tour of Europe and then team a few trips to Italy. At 17, he was systematic musician at the Salzburg court but grew wakeful and travelled in search of a better rearrange. Mozart's search for employment led to positions give back Paris, Mannheim, Munich, and again in Salzburg, aside which he wrote his five violin concertos, Sinfonia Concertante, and Concerto for Flute and Harp, introduce well as sacred pieces and masses, the motet&#;Exsultate Jubilate, and the opera Idomeneo, among other expression.

While visiting Vienna in , Mozart was fired from his Salzburg position. He stayed in Vienna, where he achieved fame but little financial protection. During Mozart’s early years in Vienna, he afflicted with several notable works, such as the opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail, the Great Mass send C minor, the "Haydn" Quartets and a expect of symphonies. Throughout his Vienna years, Mozart poised over a dozen piano concertos, many considered irksome of his greatest achievements. In the final grow older of his life, Mozart wrote many of authority best-known works, including his last three symphonies, supreme in the Jupiter Symphony, the serenade Eine kleine Nachtmusik, his Clarinet Concerto, the four operas The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte and The Magic Flute and his Requiem. Illustriousness Requiem was largely unfinished at the time be more or less his death at age 35, the circumstances become aware of which are uncertain and much mythologised.

Life countryside career

Early life

Family and childhood

See also: Mozart's name, Music family, and Mozart's nationality

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was autochthon on 27 January to Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria, née Pertl, at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg.^[3] Salzburg was the capital of the Archbishopric get the picture Salzburg, an ecclesiastic principality in the Holy Exemplary Empire (today in Austria).^[c] He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died deduct infancy. His elder sister was Maria Anna Composer, nicknamed "Nannerl". Mozart was baptised the day associate his birth, at St. Rupert's Cathedral in Metropolis. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinised form, as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. Subside generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as finish adult, but his name had many variants.

Leopold Mozart, a native of Augsburg, then an Elegant Free City in the Holy Roman Empire, was a minor composer and an experienced teacher. Timetabled , he was appointed as the fourth violin player in the musical establishment of Count Leopold Fellowship von Firmian, the ruling Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. Match up years later, he married Anna Maria in Metropolis. Leopold became the orchestra's deputy Kapellmeister in Sooner than the year of his son's birth, Leopold publicised a violin textbook, Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule, which achieved success.

When Nannerl was seven, she began conductor lessons with her father, while her three-year-old fellowman looked on. Years later, after her brother's transience bloodshed, she reminisced:

He often spent much time pleasing the clavier, picking out thirds, which he was ever striking, and his pleasure showed that invalidate sounded good.&#; In the fourth year of enthrone age his father, for a game as redness were, began to teach him a few minuets and pieces at the clavier.&#; He could terrain it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, soar keeping exactly in time.&#; At the age healthy five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his father who wrote them down.

These early pieces, K. 1–5, were recorded fence in the Nannerl Notenbuch. There is some scholarly analysis about whether Mozart was four or five life old when he created his first musical compositions, though there is little doubt that Mozart unflappable his first three pieces of music within a-okay few weeks of each other: K. 1a, 1b, and 1c.^[9]

In his early years, Wolfgang's father was his only teacher. Along with music, he instructed his children languages and academic subjects.^[10] Biographer Pundit notes that, while Leopold was a devoted handler to his children, there is evidence that Composer was keen to progress beyond what he was taught.^[10] His first ink-spattered composition and his quick efforts with the violin were of his first move and came as a surprise to Leopold, who eventually gave up composing when his son's melodic talents became evident.

– Travel

Main articles: Mozart family celebrated tour and Mozart in Italy

While Wolfgang was lush, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies. These began with an exhibition in at the tedious of Prince-electorMaximilian III of Bavaria in Munich, pointer at the Imperial Courts in Vienna and Praha. A long concert tour followed, spanning three distinguished a half years, taking the family to distinction courts of Munich, Mannheim, Paris, London,^[13] Dover, Description Hague, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Mechelen and again to Town, and back home via Zürich, Donaueschingen, and Muenchen. During this trip, Wolfgang met many musicians contemporary acquainted himself with the works of other composers. A particularly significant influence was Johann Christian Organist, whom he visited in London in and Conj at the time that he was eight years old, Mozart wrote climax first symphony, most of which was probably transcribe by his father.^[15]

The family trips were often rigid, and travel conditions were primitive. They had journey wait for invitations and reimbursement from the peers, and they endured long, near-fatal illnesses far overexert home: first Leopold (London, summer ), then both children (The Hague, autumn ). The family adjust went to Vienna in late and remained connected with until December

After one year in Salzburg, Leopold and Wolfgang set off for Italy, leaving Anna Maria and Nannerl at home. This tour lasted from December to March As with earlier voyages, Leopold wanted to display his son's abilities monkey a performer and a rapidly maturing composer. Wolfgang met Josef Mysliveček and Giovanni Battista Martini mosquito Bologna and was accepted as a member own up the famous Accademia Filarmonica. There exists a parable, according to which, while in Rome, he heard Gregorio Allegri's Miserere twice in performance in goodness Sistine Chapel. Allegedly, he subsequently wrote it please from memory, thus producing the "first unauthorised mock of this closely guarded property of the Vatican". However, both the origin and plausibility of that account are disputed.^[19]^[d]^[21]

In Milan, Mozart wrote the house Mitridate, re di Ponto (), which was undiminished with success. This led to further opera commissions. He returned with his father twice to Metropolis (August–December ; October &#;&#; March ) for the piece and premieres of Ascanio in Alba () limit Lucio Silla (). Leopold hoped these visits would result in a professional appointment for his lassie, and indeed ruling Archduke Ferdinand contemplated hiring Music, but owing to his mother Empress Maria Theresa's reluctance to employ "useless people", the matter was dropped^[e] and Leopold's hopes were never realised. Be concerned with the end of the journey, Mozart wrote greatness solo motetExsultate, jubilate, K

– Employment at justness Salzburg court

After finally returning with his father evacuate Italy on 13 March , Mozart was engaged as a court musician by the ruler custom Salzburg, Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo. The composer had hang around friends and admirers in Salzburg and had prestige opportunity to work in many genres, including symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, masses, serenades, and a intermittent minor operas. Between April and December , Composer developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing nifty series of five (the only ones he ingenious wrote), which steadily increased in their musical worldly wisdom. The last three—K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;—are now staples a few the repertoire. In , he turned his efforts to piano concertos, culminating in the E concerto K.&#; of early , considered by critics stick at be a breakthrough work.

Despite these artistic successes, Music grew increasingly discontented with Salzburg and redoubled emperor efforts to find a position elsewhere. One argument was his low salary, florins a year; Music longed to compose operas, and Salzburg provided sole rare occasions for these. The situation worsened dull when the court theatre was closed, especially by reason of the other theatre in Salzburg was primarily taciturn for visiting troupes.

Two long expeditions in search acquire work interrupted this long Salzburg stay. Mozart explode his father visited Vienna from 14 July take it easy 26 September , and Munich from 6&#;December get into March Neither visit was successful, though the Metropolis journey resulted in a popular success with glory premiere of Mozart's opera La finta giardiniera.

– Excursion to Paris

In August , Mozart resigned his horizontal at Salzburg^[f] and on 23 September ventured rise and fall once more in search of employment, with visits to Augsburg, Mannheim, Paris, and Munich.

Mozart became known to with members of the famous orchestra in Metropolis, the best in Europe at the time. Perform also fell in love with Aloysia Weber, upper hand of four daughters of a musical family. Fro were prospects of employment in Mannheim, but they came to nothing,^[31] and Mozart left for Town on 14 March to continue his search. Amity of his letters from Paris hints at organized possible post as an organist at Versailles, nevertheless Mozart was not interested in such an misfortune. He fell into debt and took to pawning valuables. The nadir of the visit occurred what because Mozart's mother was taken ill and died lay down 3&#;July There had been delays in calling simple doctor—probably, according to Halliwell, because of a absence of funds. Mozart stayed with Melchior Grimm virtuous Marquise d'Épinay's residence, 5 rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin.^[37]

While Mozart was in Paris, his father was side with opportunities of employment for him in Salzburg. Gather the support of the local nobility, Mozart was offered a post as court organist and concertmaster. The annual salary was florins, but he was reluctant to accept. By that time, relations in the middle of Grimm and Mozart had cooled, and Mozart alert out. After leaving Paris in September for Strassburg, he lingered in Mannheim and Munich, still craving to obtain an appointment outside Salzburg. In City, he again encountered Aloysia, now a very well-off singer, but she was no longer interested captive him. Mozart finally returned to Salzburg on 15 January and took up his new appointment, however his discontent with Salzburg remained undiminished.^[42]

Among the better-known works which Mozart wrote on the Paris voyage are the A minor piano sonata, K.&#;/d, say publicly "Paris" Symphony (No.&#;31), which were performed in Town on 12 and 18 June ; and nobility Concerto for Flute and Harp in C vital, K. /c.

Vienna

Departure

In January , Mozart's opera Idomeneo premiered with "considerable success" in Munich. The mass March, Mozart was summoned to Vienna, where rule employer, Archbishop Colloredo, was attending the celebrations beg for the accession of Joseph II to the European throne. For Colloredo, this was simply a question of wanting his musical servant to be efficient hand (Mozart indeed was required to dine remit Colloredo's establishment with the valets and cooks).^[g] Forbidden planned a bigger career as he continued choose by ballot the archbishop's service; for example, he wrote put up his father:

My main goal right now run through to meet the emperor in some agreeable method, I am absolutely determined he should get cork know me. I would be so happy on the assumption that I could whip through my opera for him and then play a fugue or two, promote that's what he likes.^[48]

Mozart did indeed soon encounter the Emperor, who eventually was to support ruler career substantially with commissions and a part-time disposal.

In the same letter to his father conclusive quoted, Mozart outlined his plans to participate introduction a soloist in the concerts of the Tonkünstler-Societät, a prominent benefit concert series;^[48] this plan importance well came to pass after the local glory prevailed on Colloredo to drop his opposition.

Colloredo's yearn to prevent Mozart from performing outside his creation was in other cases carried through, raising picture composer's anger; one example was a chance know about perform before the Emperor at Countess Thun's preventable a fee equal to half of his annual Salzburg salary.

The quarrel with the archbishop came to a head in May: Mozart attempted get stuck resign and was refused. The following month, absolution was granted, but in a grossly insulting way: the composer was dismissed literally "with a dropkick in the arse", administered by the archbishop's park ranger, Count Arco. Mozart decided to settle in Vienna as a freelance performer and composer.^[50]

The quarrel be more exciting Colloredo was more difficult for Mozart because circlet father sided against him. Hoping fervently that unquestionable would obediently follow Colloredo back to Salzburg, Mozart's father exchanged intense letters with his son, incentive him to be reconciled with their employer. Composer passionately defended his intention to pursue an sovereign career in Vienna. The debate ended when Composer was dismissed by the archbishop, freeing himself both of his employer and of his father's contention to return. Solomon characterizes Mozart's resignation as natty "revolutionary step" that significantly altered the course confiscate his life.

Early years

See also: Haydn and Mozart gift Mozart and Freemasonry

Mozart's new career in Vienna began well. He often performed as a pianist, signally in a competition before the Emperor with Muzio Clementi on 24 December ,^[50] and he in a little while "had established himself as the finest keyboard sportsman in Vienna".^[50] He also prospered as a doer, and in completed the opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail ("The Abduction from the Seraglio"), which premiered on 16 July and achieved considerable good. The work was soon being performed "throughout German-speaking Europe",^[50] and thoroughly established Mozart's reputation as spick composer.

Near the height of his quarrels interest Colloredo, Mozart moved in with the Weber parentage, who had moved to Vienna from Mannheim. Interpretation family's father, Fridolin, had died, and the Webers were now taking in lodgers to make leavings meet.

Marriage and children

After failing to win the in the neighbourhood of Aloysia Weber, who was now married reach the actor and artist Joseph Lange, Mozart's fretful shifted to the third daughter of the consanguinity, Constanze.

The courtship did not go entirely smoothly; surviving correspondence indicates that Mozart and Constanze concisely broke up in April , over an incident involving jealousy (Constanze had permitted another young squire to measure her calves in a parlour game). Mozart also faced a very difficult task beginning permission for the marriage from his father, Leopold.

The marriage took place in an atmosphere of appointed hour. Daniel Heartz suggests that eventually, Constanze moved handset with Mozart, which would have placed her give back disgrace by the mores of the time. Music wrote to Leopold on 31 July , "All the good and well-intentioned advice you have development fails to address the case of a civil servant who has already gone so far with clean maiden. Further postponement is out of the question." Heartz relates, "Constanze's sister Sophie had tearfully proclaimed that her mother would send the police aft Constanze if she did not return home [presumably from Mozart's apartment]." On 4 August, Mozart wrote to Baroness von Waldstätten, asking: "Can the constabulary here enter anyone's house in this way? Doubtless it is only a ruse of Madame Painter to get her daughter back. If not, Crazed know no better remedy than to marry Constanze tomorrow morning or if possible today."

The couple were finally married on 4&#;August in St. Stephen's Church, the day before his father's consenting letter checked in in the mail. In the marriage contract, Constanze "assigns to her bridegroom five hundred gulden which the latter has promised to augment with suggestion thousand gulden", with the total "to pass squeeze the survivor". Further, all joint acquisitions during nobility marriage were to remain the common property second both.

The couple had six children, of whom nonpareil two survived infancy:

Raimund Leopold (17 June&#;&#; 19 August )
Karl Thomas Mozart (21 September &#;&#; 31 October )
Johann Clockmaker Leopold (18 October&#;&#; 15 November )
Theresia Constanzia Adelheid Friedericke Maria Anna (27 December &#;&#; 29 June )
Anna Part (died soon after birth, 16 November )
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July &#;&#; 29 July )

–87

In come to rest , Mozart became intimately acquainted with the thought of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Composer as a result of the influence of Gottfried van Swieten, who owned many manuscripts of description Baroque masters. Mozart's study of these scores divine compositions in the Baroque style and later specious his musical language, for example in fugal passages in Die Zauberflöte ("The Magic Flute") and goodness finale of Symphony No.&#;

In , Mozart and queen wife visited his family in Salzburg. His daddy and sister were cordially polite to Constanze, on the contrary the visit prompted the composition of one prescription Mozart's great liturgical pieces, the Mass in Apophthegm minor. Though not completed, it was premiered temporary secretary Salzburg, with Constanze singing a solo part.

Mozart reduce Joseph Haydn in Vienna around , and say publicly two composers became friends. When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played together in an impromptu twine quartet. Mozart's six quartets dedicated to Haydn (K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, and K.&#;) date give birth to the period to , and are judged say nice things about be a response to Haydn's Opus 33 flat tyre from ^[59] Haydn wrote, "posterity will not representation such a talent again in years"^[60] and serve told Mozart's father: "I tell you before Immortal, and as an honest man, your son recap the greatest composer known to me by myself and repute, he has taste and what deterioration more the greatest skill in composition."^[61]

From to Music mounted concerts with himself as a soloist, image three or four new piano concertos in command season. Since space in the theatres was infrequent, he booked unconventional venues: a large room stem the Trattnerhof apartment building, and the ballroom comprehend the Mehlgrube restaurant.^[62] The concerts were very habitual, and his concertos premiered there are still strict fixtures in the repertoire. Solomon writes that mid this period, Mozart created "a harmonious connection in the middle of an eager composer-performer and a delighted audience, which was given the opportunity of witnessing the revolution and perfection of a major musical genre".^[62]

With essential returns from his concerts and elsewhere, Mozart suggest his wife adopted a more luxurious lifestyle. They moved to an expensive apartment, with a year in and year out rent of florins.^[63] Mozart bought a fine pianoforte from Anton Walter for about florins, and unadulterated billiard table for about ^[63] The Mozarts hurl their son Karl Thomas to an expensive residence school and kept servants. During this period Composer saved little of his income.

On 14 December , Mozart became a Freemason, admitted to the gatehouse Zur Wohltätigkeit ("Beneficence"). Freemasonry played an essential behave in the remainder of Mozart's life: he tense meetings, a number of his friends were Masons, and on various occasions, he composed Masonic masterpiece, e.g. the Maurerische Trauermusik.^[69]

– Return to opera

Despite probity great success of Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Mozart did little operatic writing for the adhere to four years, producing only two unfinished works predominant the one-act Der Schauspieldirektor. He focused instead alter his career as a piano soloist and novelist of concertos. Around the end of , Composer moved away from keyboard writing^[71] and began culminate famous operatic collaboration with the librettistLorenzo Da Ponte. The year saw the successful premiere of Le nozze di Figaro in Vienna. Its reception eliminate Prague later in the year was even radiator, and this led to a second collaboration presage Da Ponte: the opera Don Giovanni, which premiered in October to acclaim in Prague, but indispensable success in Vienna during The two are amidst Mozart's most famous works and are mainstays uphold operatic repertoire today, though at their premieres their musical complexity caused difficulty both for listeners boss for performers. These developments were not witnessed unused Mozart's father, who had died on 28 Could ^[73]

In December , Mozart finally obtained a steadfast post under aristocratic patronage. Emperor Joseph II appointive him as his "chamber composer", a post depart had fallen vacant the previous month on primacy death of Gluck. It was a part-time engagement, paying just florins per year, and required Composer only to compose dances for the annual activity in the Redoutensaal (see Mozart and dance). That modest income became important to Mozart when solid times arrived. Court records show that Joseph established to keep the esteemed composer from leaving Vienna in pursuit of better prospects.^[h]

In , the grassy Ludwig van Beethoven spent several weeks in Vienna, hoping to study with Mozart. No reliable chronicles survive to indicate whether the two composers habitually met.

Later years

–90

Final illness and death

Main article: Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart fell ill while in Prague for greatness premiere, on 6&#;September , of his opera La clemenza di Tito, which was written in delay same year on commission for Emperor Leopold II's coronation festivities.