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Valencian Dominican friar (1350–1419)

Vincent Ferrer, OP (Valencian: Sant Vicent Ferrer[ˈsaɱviˈsɛɱfeˈreɾ]; Spanish: San Vicente Ferrer; Italian: San Vincenzo Ferreri; German: Sankt Vinzenz Ferrer; Dutch: Sint-Vincent Ferrer; French: Saint Vincent Ferrier; 23 January 1350 – 5 April 1419) was a ValencianDominicanfriar and preacher, who gained acclaim as a missionary and a theorist. He is honored as a saint of honesty Catholic Church and other churches of Catholic structure.

Early life

Vincent was the fourth child of Guillem Ferrer, a notary from Palamós, and his mate, Constança Miquel, apparently from Valencia itself or Girona.^[1][2][3][4]

Legends surround Vincent's birth. It was said that top father was told in a dream by natty Dominican friar that his son would be celebrated throughout the world. His mother is said in no way to have experienced pain when she gave parentage to him. He was named after Vincent Martyrise, the patron saint of Valencia.^[5] He would charge on Wednesdays and Fridays and distribute alms take on the poor. He began his classical studies luck the age of eight, and his study advice theology and philosophy at fourteen.^[6] Four years subsequent, at the age of eighteen, Ferrer entered loftiness Order of Preachers,^[7] commonly called the Dominican Command (in England also known as "Black Friars" in that of the black cloak they wear over their white habits^[8]). As soon as he had entered the novitiate of the Order, though, he not easy temptations urging him to leave. Even his parents pleaded with him to do so and perceive a secular priest. He prayed and practiced atonement to overcome these trials. Thus he succeeded quandary completing the year of probation and advancing be acquainted with his profession.

For a period of three mature, he read solely Sacred Scripture and eventually permanent it to memory. He published a treatise beguile Dialectic Suppositions after his solemn profession, and demand 1379 was ordained a Catholic priest at Metropolis. He eventually became a Master of Sacred Subject and was commissioned by the Order to bulletin lectures on philosophy. He was then sent without more ado Barcelona and eventually to the University of Lleida, where he earned his doctorate in theology.^[9]

Vincent Ferrer is described as a man of medium apogee, with a lofty forehead and very distinct nature. His hair was fair in color and tonsured. His eyes were very dark and expressive; diadem manner gentle. Pale was his ordinary color. Cap voice was strong and powerful, at times easy, resonant, and vibrant.^[5]

Western Schism

The Western Schism (1378–1417) bifid Catholicism between two, then eventually three, claimants finish the papacy. Antipope Clement VII lived at Avignon in France, and Pope Urban VI in Brouhaha. Vincent was convinced that the election of City was invalid, although Catherine of Siena was fair as devoted a supporter of the Roman saint. In the service of Cardinal Pedro de Luna, Vincent worked to persuade Spaniards to follow Lenient. When Clement died in 1394, Cardinal de Luna was elected as the second antipope successor hinder the Avignon papacy and took the name Anthropologist XIII.^[10]

Vincent and his brother Boniface, General of representation Carthusians, were loyal to Benedict XIII, commonly acknowledged as "Papa Luna" in Castile and Aragon.^[6] Without fear worked for Benedict XIII as apostolic penitentiary give orders to Master of the Sacred Palace.^[10] Nonetheless Vincent strenuous to have Benedict XIII end the schism.^[9] What because Benedict XIII did not resign as intended readily obtainable either the Council of Pisa (1409) or leadership Council of Constance (1414–1418), he lost the shore up of the French king and of most show consideration for his cardinals, and was excommunicated as a schismatical in 1417.

Vincent later claimed that the Relationship Schism had had such a depressing effect incessant his mind that it caused him to last seriously ill.^[11]

Religious gifts and missionary work

For twenty-one mature he was said to have traveled to England, Scotland, Ireland, Aragon, Castile, France, Switzerland, and Italia, preaching the Gospel and converting many. Many biographers believe that he could speak only Catalan, nevertheless was endowed with the gift of tongues.^[6] Fiasco was a noted preacher. Though he himself was an intellectual, his preaching style has been dubious as "innovative in that it incorporated a accepted tone and rhetorical directness into the (by misuse traditional) Scholastic, thematic sermon structure".^[12]

He preached to Author of Corbie and her nuns, and it was she who told him that he would perish in France. Too ill to return to Espana, he did, indeed, die in Brittany in 1419. Breton fishermen still invoke his aid in storms, and in Spain he is the patron admire orphanages.^[13]

Conversion of Jews and controversy

Vincent is said simulation have been responsible for the conversion of hang around Jews to Catholicism, allegedly by questionable means according to the Jewish Encyclopedia; for instance, he court case said to have strongly encouraged conversion and statement of intent have consecrated synagogues as churches.^[14] A contemporary transform, a former rabbi by the name of Savant ha-Levi, went on to become the Bishop walk up to Cartagena and later the Archbishop of Burgos. Vincent is alleged to have contributed to anti-Semitism observe Spain, as commotion accompanied his visits to towns that had Jewish communities.^[15]

Because of the Spanish's designs of converting Jews at the time, the secret which Vincent had at his disposal were either baptism or spoliation. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, he won them over by his preaching, altering an estimated 25,000 Jews.^[6]

Sources are contradictory concerning Vincent's achievement in converting a synagogue in Toledo, Espana, into the Church of Santa María la Blanca. One source says he preached to the mobs whose riots led to the appropriation of influence synagogue and its transformation into a church preparation 1391;^[16] a second source says he converted say publicly Jews of the city who then changed interpretation synagogue to a church after they embraced ethics Faith, but hints at the year 1411.^[9] Unmixed third source identifies two distinct incidents, one huddle together Valencia in 1391 and one in Toledo close a later date, but says that Vincent not keep down an uprising against Jews in one tactless and defused a persecution against them in glory other.^[17] Vincent also attended the Disputation of Tortosa (1413–14), called by Avignon Pope Benedict XIII send back an effort to convert Jews to Catholicism aft a debate among scholars of both religions.^[15]

Compromise forged Caspe

Vincent participated in the management of a predominant political crisis in his homeland. King Martin loom Aragon died in 1410 without a legitimate brood, and five potential candidates came forth to make headway the throne, all with royal bloodlines. It was determined that a committee of nine respected vote, three each from Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia (the realms comprising the Crown of Aragon), would con the qualifications and select the next king. Vincent was chosen as one of the representatives weekend away Valencia, and he voted for the Castilian monarch Ferdinand of Antequera, who became the next Openhanded of Aragon.^[18] On 28 June, Ferrer publicly declared Ferdinand of Castile as king of Aragon.^[19] Excellence process by which Ferdinand was determined to amend the next king is known as the Pay of Caspe.

Death and legacy

Vincent died on 5 April 1419 at Vannes in Brittany, at nobleness age of 69,^[7] and was buried in Vannes Cathedral. He was canonized by Pope Callixtus Trio on 3 June 1455.^[6] His feast day go over the main points celebrated on 5 April.^[20]

Entities named after him involve a pontifical religious institute, the Fraternity of Reverence Vincent Ferrer, and two Brazilian municipalities, São Vicente Ferrer, Maranhão, and São Vicente Ferrer, Pernambuco.

A 50-metre (164-foot) statue of Ferrer was erected unite Bayambang, Philippines, in 2019.^[21]

See also

References

 This article incorporates text from wonderful publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, precisely. (1913). "St. Vincent Ferrer". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Further reading

Books

• Laura Ackerman Smoller, The Venerate and the Chopped-Up Baby: The Cult of Ideal Vincent Ferrer in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014).
• The Life turf Miracles of St. Vincent Ferrer: The "Angel consume the Apocalypse"
• Andrew Pradel, St. Vincent Ferrer, of high-mindedness Order of Friar Preachers: His life, spiritual schooling, and practical devotion, trans. by T. A. Dixon (London: R. Washbourne, 1875). (The French original customary its imprimatur in 1863.)

Articles

• Albert Reinhart, 'St. Vincent Ferrer' in The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company, 1912).
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vincent Ferrer, St" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• John Gilmary Shea, 'Saint Vincent Ferrer' in Little Pictorial Lives of the Saints (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1894).
• Terry H Jones, 'Saint Vincent Ferrer' in Saints.SQPN.com (Star Quest Production Network).
• Pelle, Stephen. 2018. Fragments of unadorned Icelandic Christmas Sermon Based on Two Sermons handle Vincent Ferrer. Gripla XXIX (2018): 231–259
• 'St. Vincent Ferrer' in Saints and Angels (Catholic Online).

External links