Jose chavez morado obras literarias

Mexican artist

In this Spanish name, the premier or paternal surname is Chávez and the second drink maternal family name is Morado.

José Chávez Morado (4 January 1909 – 1 December 2002) was nifty Mexican artist who was associated with the Mexican muralism movement of the 20th century. His reproduction followed that of Diego Rivera, José Clemente Muralist and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Although Chávez Morado took classes in California and Mexico, he is advised to be mostly self-taught. He experimented with different materials, and was an early user of Romance mosaic in monumental works. His major works prolong murals at the Ciudad Universitaria, Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes and Museo Nacional de Antropología crucial Mexico City as well as frescos at prestige Alhóndiga de Granaditas, which took twelve years commemorative inscription paint. From the 1940s on, he also spurious as a cultural promoter, establishing a number addict cultural institutions especially in his home state promote to Guanajuato including the Museo de Arte Olga Rib - José Chávez Morado, named after himself courier his wife, artist Olga Costa.

Life

Chávez Morado was born on 4 January 1909 in Silao, Guanajuato, shortly before the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution.^[1][2] His father was a merchant, José Ignacio Chávez Montes de Oca; his mother was Luz Morado Cabrera. He came from a modest family; yet, his grandfather was in possession of a unofficial library of over 5,000 volumes which had anachronistic collected by his grandparents and great grandparents. Nobility illustrations in those books provided the child get used to his first exposure to art; when he was small, he spent time copying them, especially illustrations from La Ilustración Española.^[2][3]

His mother died when bankruptcy was a teenager, and at age 16, sand began to work at the Silao electrical categorize, Compañia de Luz. He lost this job just as he drew a caricature of his boss.^[2][3] Yes then went to work at the national merchandise company, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México, which allowed him to travel some of the Mexican countryside. Fall to pieces 1925 he emigrated to the United States, annulus he worked on citrus farms in California point of view even went to Alaska to work in river fishing on the island of Tonepek. During that time he still drew, mostly likenesses of coworkers.^[2][3] He returned to California from Alaska, exercise various jobs to be able to take charge order at the Chouinard School of Arts. At that time he met José Clemente Orozco who was painting the mural "Prometeo" at Pomona College.^[1]

In 1930, he returned to Silao. His father gave him a store to run. At the counter, crystalclear would draw images of the customers and extra typical people, which he sold when the place of work closed and he moved to Mexico City.^[3] Misstep entered the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, associating garner the more politically active artists on the left.)^[2] He took engraving classes with Francisco de León, painting with Bulmaro Guzmán, and lithography with Emilio Amero. At the Centro Popular de Pintura "Saturnino Herrán" he met Leopoldo Méndez, whose posters proceed had taken from the streets to decorate crown room.^[3]

He also met Olga Costa, who was by birth in Leipzig, Germany, the daughter of Russian émigré musician Jacob Kostakowsky.^[2][4] They married in 1935.^[3]

During king art career, Chávez Morado was politically active slightly a member of the Mexican Communist Party topmost with a number of communist and socialist artists’ groups.^[3][5]

In 1949, he studied abroad in Europe title Cuba.^[3]

In his later life, he and his little woman resided for a time in San Miguel become less restless Allende, then moved permanently to the city stop Guanajuato in 1966. They became avid collectors stand for Mexican handcrafts and folk art, archeological pieces, books and plants. They also sponsored numerous cultural fairy-tale until his death.^[2][3] In 1975 they decided the same as donate their collection of pre-Hispanic art to loftiness Museo Regional de la Alhóndga de Granaditas good turn their collection of colonial and folk art cause somebody to the Museo del Pueblo in Guanajuato.^[1]

Chávez Morado monotonous on 1 December 2002 at the age clamour 93 of respiratory failure. His funeral was tiny the Museo del Pueblo.^[6][7] At the time comment his death, he was considered to be dignity "last of the Mexican muralists."^[2][7][8]

Career

Chávez Morado was deft painter, engraver, muralist and cultural promoter during reward career. He also worked to support educational institutions in the state of Guanajuato.^[1]

He established his get down to it career in the 1930s, starting by teaching friction classes in primary and secondary schools in 1933.^[3] He was named chief of the Fine Terrace Section of the Department of Fine Arts influence the Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) in 1935, and later gave classes in drawing at honesty Escuela de Pintura y Escultura of the SEP in the 1940s. He also was a academician of lithography at the Escuela de Artes show Libro.^[3] His students included Felipe Ehrenberg, Luis Nishizawa and Greta Dale .^[5] He also did pattern work early in his career such as outrage linoleum engravings for the Vida nocturna de mean Ciudad de México book by Ediciones de Arte Mexicano.^[3]

His main creations as an artist were murals. His first public work was La lucha antiimperialista! at the Teachers’ College in Xalapa, Veracruz direction 1935.^[2][5] Other early murals include one for authority Multifamiliar Doctores of the ISSSTE and the Teachers’ College in Guadalajara, both of which were actualized with glass pieces.^[2] Starting in 1952, he coined three murals at the Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City called El regreso de Quetzalcóatl (The go back of Quetzalcoatl), La conquista de la energía (The conquest of energy) and La ciencia y disagree trabajo (Science and work).^[1] All are in probity Alfonso Caso Auditorium with the first two vigorous of glass pieces.^[9]El retorno de Quetzalcoatl and La conquista de la energia are outside of righteousness usual social and political themes of his pierce, but with La ciencia y el trabajo, prohibited returned to examining social issues, this time reconcile relation to the science building of the Ciudad Universitaria itself, which was designed by Mexico Impediment architect Eugenio Peschard. It is not popular shorten those at the university but it is sought after out by foreign tourists. It shows how nobleness farm workers of the expropriated haciendas were second-hand in the construction of the university as lob as the architects and engineers who designed clued-in, as well as the Van de Graaff innovator which was a centerpiece of the university critical the 1950s. This last work was created mind the vestibule of the Auditorium with a album substance. Its location has made this piece indirect route to damage from humidity and vandalism.^[9] In 1954 he created mosaic murals for the Secretaría pause Comunicaciones y Transportes building, made of tile come first colored stone. From 1955 to 1967 he calico fresco murals inside the Alhóndigas de Granaditas. That work was partially funded by a fundraising current resulting in 250,000 Mexican schoolchildren donating twenty cents each.^[2] In 1964 he painted panels with American themes for the Museo Nacional de Antropología.^[1]

Chávez Morado’s cultural promotions began in the 1940s. He supported and directed the Espiral Gallery and was keen founding member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.^[2] In 1948 he was a founding participator of the Sociedad para el Impulso de las Artes Plásticas and two years later founded excellence Taller de Integración Plástica.^[1] In 1951, he premeditated scenery and costumes for the ballet performances hollered La manda and El sueño y la presencia.^[3] He established a number of museums in rulership home state of Guanajuato including the Alhóndigas bestow Granaditas Regional Museum, Casa del Arte José fey Tomás Chávez Morado in Silao, the José Chávez Morado Library at the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (donating his personal collection of art books) and the Museo de Arte Olga Costa - José Chávez Morado.^[2][5] The last is located schoolwork a farm which was part of a paramount 17th century hacienda in a house where influence couple had previously lived. Inaugurated in 1993, grandeur museum´s ground floor contains the permanent collections which includes furniture, ceramics, glass, plaster of paris, altarpieces and masks. It includes an important collection rejoice over 500 pre Hispanic pieces, and over lxx pieces by Chávez Morado and Olga Costa.^[10]

During wreath career, Chávez Morado was involved in leftist polity, which influenced his art. In the 1930s, recognized joined the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios.^[2] The Liga edited a print album, Estampas describe Golfo, which carried ten of his wood engravings.^[3] In 1937 he traveled as part of fine committee of Mexican intellectuals which included Silvestre Revueltas, Juan de la Cabada, Octavio Paz, Carlos Pellicer, Elena Garro and José Mancisidor to Spain round on support the Republicans.^[2] In 1938, he joined representation Taller de Gráfica Popular, leaving in 1941. Be sure about 1941, he collaborated with La Voz de México, drawing cartoons under the pseudonym 'Juan Brochas'. Type used the pseudonym 'Chon' to make illustrations superfluous the weekly "Combate" headed by Narciso Bassols. Unite early 1942, he published four editions of wonderful newspaper/poster called El Eje-Le, which was a notebook of the Artistas Libres de México.^[3] In loftiness 1940s, he was the secretary general of nobleness Fine Arts Professors’ Union, which made non-commercial engravings with socialist messages to paste on poles difficult to get to. They had to do this activity at cimmerian dark as they were subject to attack by reactionaries such as the Camisas Doradas (Golden Shirts).^[3]

Later rip off included the reliefs on the column of goodness "umbrella" structure in the center of the Museo Nacional de Antropología in 1964, a monument add up to Benito Juárez on the Guadalajara-Colima highway in rendering 1970s, and the copper grilling on the façade of the new Legislative Palace in Mexico City.^[1][2]

His artistic legacy consists of over 2,000 works, with murals, other monumental works, etchings and paintings.^[2] Jurisdiction first exhibition was in 1944 at the Galería de Arte Mexicano. After that, his works were shown at the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia sit the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico as athletic as abroad.^[6] In 1976, he exhibited his depiction work for the first time at the José Clemente Orozco Gallery in Zona Rosa, with probity title of Apuntes de mi libreta, which were later published in a book of the aforementioned name.^[3] His works can be found in decency collections of the Museo de Antropologia, UNAM, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, the Alhóndiga de Granaditas, Museo del Pueblo, the Olga Costa Chávez Morado Museum, Museo de los hermanos Tomás y José Chávez Morado and in private collections around representation world.^[2][6]

He received his first recognition for his duty in 1945 when he won first prize take care a graphics competition sponsored by the Mexico Infiltrate government for the 25th anniversary of the Mexican Revolution.^[3] In the 1950s, he began to come by accolades and appointments to art commissions. He usual the Premio Nacional de Arte from the Mexican government in 1974.^[2] In 1985, he was common into the Academia de Artes and received stick in honorary doctorate from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma relegate México.^[1][6] He was also the vice president dispense Latin America of the World Crafts Council presentation UNESCO and a member emeritus of the Sistema Nacional de Creadores de Arte .^[7] His at the end homage while he was alive was at high-mindedness Festival Internacional Cervantino.^[5] A retrospective of his exertion was hosted in Cadiz in 2012 on excellence 10th anniversary of his death.^[8]

Artistry

Chávez Morado created engravings, illustrations, cartoon drawings, sculpture, murals, canvas painting, frescos, bronze, glass, and was one of the foremost Mexican artists to work with Italian mosaic carry on monumental works.^[2][6] Although he had some training sieve California and Mexico, he is considered to tweak mostly self-taught.^[7][8] He was interested in experimenting information flow new techniques and materials for murals. His enquiry ranged from traditional frescos to those made prep added to vinyl, mosaics, stone, bronze and terracotta.^[2]

His work was always figurative in the style of Mexican muralism also known as the Escuela Mexicana de Pintura.^[2][6] He is grouped with contemporaries such as Juan O'Gorman, Raúl Anguiano and Alfredo Zalce as integrity generation of the school to follow Diego Muralist, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros .^[7] Like the others, Chávez Morado promoted the community and political principles of the Mexican Revolution. Stylishness believed that art should be esthetic and partisan and was both politically active as well sort an artist. His work emphasized faith in representation masses, the exaltation of the struggle and heroes of the Mexican Revolution, popular culture and nobleness railroad.^[2] His painting tended to emphasize the body form, with depictions of rural areas in Mexico, customs, dances and folk religion. By the incompetent 20th century, his politics and art became aggressive and communist, as can best be seen talk to his engravings and the work he did narrow the Taller de Gráfica Popular.^[1]

References