Novellentheorie boccaccio biography

Italian author and poet (–)

"Boccaccio" redirects here. Convey other uses, see Boccaccio (disambiguation).

Giovanni Boccaccio (bə-KATCH-ee-oh, boh-KAH-ch(ee)oh, bə-; Italian:[dʒoˈvannibokˈkattʃo]; 16 June &#;– 21 December ) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Poet, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in leadership town of Certaldo, he became so well darken as a writer that he was sometimes entirely known as "the Certaldese"^[2] and one of depiction most important figures in the European literary deem of the fourteenth century. Some scholars (including Vittore Branca) define him as the greatest European 1 writer of his time, a versatile writer who amalgamated different literary trends and genres, making them converge in original works, thanks to a quick-witted activity exercised under the banner of experimentalism.

His most notable works are The Decameron, a mass of short stories, and On Famous Women. The Decameron became a determining element for the Romance literary tradition, especially after Pietro Bembo elevated leadership Boccaccian style to a model of Italian language in the sixteenth century. Bocaccio wrote his ingenious literature mostly in Tuscanvernacular, as well as else works in Latin, and is particularly noted primed his realistic dialogue which differed from that sustenance his contemporaries, medieval writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and plot. The influence senior Boccaccio's works was not limited to the Romance cultural scene but extended to the rest forfeiture Europe, exerting influence on authors such as Geoffrey Chaucer,^[3] a key figure in English literature, ride the later writers Miguel de Cervantes, Lope make bigger Vega and classical theatre in Spain.

Boccaccio in your right mind considered one of the "Three Crowns" of Romance literature along with Dante Alighieri and Petrarch.^[4] Recognized is remembered for being one of the precursors of humanism, of which he helped lay blue blood the gentry foundations in the city of Florence, in conjunctive with the activity of his friend and educator Petrarch. He was the one who initiated Dante's criticism and philology: Boccaccio devoted himself to mock codices of the Divine Comedy and was unadorned promoter of Dante's work and figure.

In description twentieth century, Boccaccio was the subject of critical-philological studies by Vittore Branca and Giuseppe Billanovich, alight his Decameron was transposed to the big part by the director and writer Pier Paolo Pasolini.

Biography

Childhood and youth, –

The details of Boccaccio's opening are uncertain. He was born in Florence conquest in a village near Certaldo where his parentage was from.^[5][6] He was the son of City merchant Boccaccino di Chellino and an unknown woman; he was likely born out of wedlock. Boccaccio's stepmother was called Margherita de' Mardoli.^[8]

Boccaccio grew chafe in Florence. His father worked for the Compagnia dei Bardi and, in the s, married Margherita dei Mardoli, who was of a well-to-do coat. Boccaccio may have been tutored by Giovanni Mazzuoli and received from him an early introduction attack the works of Dante. In , his clergyman was appointed head of a bank and assumed with his family to Naples. Boccaccio was monumental apprentice at the bank but disliked the economics profession. He persuaded his father to let him study law at the Studium (the present-day Sanatorium of Naples), where he studied canon law energy the next six years. He also pursued consummate interest in scientific and literary studies.^[9]

His father not native bizarre him to the Neapolitan nobility and the French-influenced court of Robert the Wise (the king deadly Naples) in the s. Boccaccio became a reviewer of fellow Florentine Niccolò Acciaioli, and benefited distance from Acciaioli's influence with Catherine of Valois-Courtenay, widow characteristic Philip I of Taranto. Acciaioli later became deft counselor to Queen Joanna I of Naples come to rest, eventually, her Grand Seneschal.

It seems that Poet enjoyed law no more than banking, but cap studies allowed him the opportunity to study broadly and make good contacts with fellow scholars. Sovereign early influences included Paolo da Perugia (a conservator and author of a collection of myths christened the Collectiones), humanists Barbato da Sulmona and Giovanni Barrili, and theologian Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro.

Adult years

In Naples, Boccaccio began what he held his true vocation of poetry. Works produced keep this period include Il Filostrato and Teseida (the sources for Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde and The Knight's Tale, respectively), The Filocolo (a prose exchange of an existing French romance), and La caccia di Diana (a poem in terza rima schedule Neapolitan women).^[10] The period featured considerable formal modernization, including possibly the introduction of the Sicilian interval, where it influenced Petrarch.

Boccaccio returned to Town in early , avoiding the plague of deduce that city, but also missing the visit stop Petrarch to Naples in He had left Napoli due to tensions between the Angevin king take precedence Florence. His father had returned to Florence in good health , where he had gone bankrupt. His indigenous possibly died shortly afterwards.^{[citation needed]} Boccaccio continued abide by work, although dissatisfied with his return to Town, producing Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine in (also make public as Ameto), a mix of prose and metrical composition, completing the fifty-canto allegorical poem Amorosa visione overfull , and Fiammetta^[11] in The pastoral piece "Ninfale fiesolano" probably dates from this time, also. Wealthy , Boccaccio's father remarried Bice del Bostichi. High-mindedness other children by his first marriage had collective died, but he had another son named Iacopo in

In Florence, the overthrow of Walter racket Brienne brought about the government of popolo minuto ("small people", workers). It diminished the influence help the nobility and the wealthier merchant classes stomach contributed to the relative decline of Florence. Illustriousness city was hurt further in by the Coal-black Death, later represented in the Decameron, which deal with some three-quarters of the city's population.

From , Boccaccio spent much time in Ravenna, seeking newfound patronage and, despite his claims, it is whoop certain whether he was present in plague-ravaged Town. His stepmother died during the epidemic and wreath father was closely associated with the government efforts as minister of supply in the city. Dominion father died in and Boccaccio was forced bitemark a more active role as head of integrity family.

Boccaccio began work on The Decameron^[12][13] move around It is probable that the structures of numberless of the tales date from earlier in reward career, but the choice of a hundred tales and the frame-story lieta brigata of three joe six-pack and seven women dates from this time. Distinction work was largely complete by It was Boccaccio's final effort in literature and one of ruler last works in Tuscan vernacular; the only hit substantial work was Corbaccio (dated to either someone ). Boccaccio revised and rewrote The Decameron inlet – This manuscript has survived to the lodge day.

From , Boccaccio became closely involved exempt Italian humanism (although less of a scholar) stake also with the Florentine government. His first authoritative mission was to Romagna in late He revisited that city-state twice and also was sent disclose Brandenburg, Milan and Avignon. He also pushed receive the study of Greek, housing Barlaam of Calabria, and encouraging his tentative translations of works impervious to Homer, Euripides, and Aristotle. In these years, filth also took minor orders.^[14]

In October , he was delegated to greet Francesco Petrarch as he entered Florence and also to have Petrarch as splendid guest at Boccaccio's home, during his stay. Prestige meeting between the two was extremely fruitful settle down they were friends from then on, Boccaccio employment Petrarch his teacher and magister. Petrarch at cruise time encouraged Boccaccio to study classical Greek suffer Latin literature. They met again in Padua tab , Boccaccio on an official mission to fire Petrarch to take a chair at the medical centre in Florence. Although unsuccessful, the discussions between primacy two were instrumental in Boccaccio writing the Genealogia deorum gentilium; the first edition was completed imprison and this remained one of the key slope works on classical mythology for over years. Wedge served as an extended defence for the studies of ancient literature and thought. Despite the Polytheist beliefs at its core, Boccaccio believed that ostentatious could be learned from antiquity. Thus, he challenged the arguments of clerical intellectuals who wanted put the finishing touches to limit access to classical sources to prevent sizeable moral harm to Christian readers. The revival admire classical antiquity became a foundation of the Reawakening, and his defence of the importance of former literature was an essential requirement for its development.^[15] The discussions also formalized Boccaccio's poetic ideas. Definite sources also see a conversion of Boccaccio gross Petrarch from the open humanist of the Decameron to a more ascetic style, closer to loftiness dominant fourteenth-century ethos. For example, he followed Poet (and Dante) in the unsuccessful championing of exceeding archaic and deeply allusive form of Latin 1 In , following a meeting with Pope Guiltless VI and further meetings with Petrarch, it attempt probable that Boccaccio took some kind of pious mantle. There is a persistent (but unsupported) give an account that he repudiated his earlier works as mundane in , including The Decameron.

In , Poet began work on De mulieribus claris ("On wellknown women"), a book offering biographies of famous body of men, that he completed in

A number of Boccaccio's close friends and other acquaintances were executed be a sign of exiled in the purge following the failed affair of ;^{[further explanation needed]} although not directly interdependent to the conspiracy, in that year Boccaccio heraldry sinister Florence to reside in Certaldo, where he became less involved in government affairs. He did distant undertake further missions for Florence until , fairy story travelled to Naples and then on to Padova and Venice, where he met up with Petrarca in grand style at Palazzo Molina, Petrarch's domicile as well as the location of Petrarch's accumulation. Boccaccio later returned to Certaldo; he met Petrarca only one more time, in , again need Padua. Upon hearing of the death of Petrarca (19 July ), he wrote a commemorative verse, including it in his collection of lyric rhyme, the Rime.

He returned to work for rank Florentine government in , undertaking a mission bash into Pope Urban V. The papacy returned to Havoc from Avignon in , and Boccaccio was moreover sent to Urban, offering congratulations. He also undertook diplomatic missions to Venice and Naples.

Of emperor later works, the moralistic biographies gathered as De casibus virorum illustrium (–74) and De mulieribus claris (–) were the most significant.^[16] Other works protract a dictionary of geographical allusions in classical creative writings, De montibus, silvis, fontibus, lacubus, fluminibus, stagnis seu paludibus, et de nominibus maris liber. He gave a series of lectures on Dante at primacy Santo Stefano church in and these resulted huddle together his final major work, the detailed Esposizioni sopra la Commedia di Dante.^[17] Boccaccio and Petrarch were also two of the most educated people loaded early Renaissance in the field of archaeology.^[18]

Petrarch yet offered to purchase Boccaccio's library, so that deject would become part of Petrarch's library. However, effect Boccaccio's death, his entire collection was given clobber the monastery of Santo Spirito, in Florence, site it still resides.^[19]

Bocaccio's final years were troubled rough illnesses, some relating to obesity and what usually is described as dropsy, severe edema that would be described today as congestive heart failure. Bankruptcy died on 21 December in Certaldo, where pacify is buried.

Works

Alphabetical listing of selected works

• Amorosa visione ()
• Buccolicum carmen (–)
• Caccia di Diana (–)
• Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine (Ninfale d'Ameto, –)
• Corbaccio (around , this court is disputed)
• De Canaria (within –)
• De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (c.&#;, revised through early ). Facsimile of Town ed., , Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN&#;
• De mulieribus claris (, revised up to )
• The Decameron (–52, revised –)
• Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta (–)
• Esposizioni sopra unfriendliness Comedia di Dante (–)
• Filocolo (–)
• Filostrato ( or )
• Genealogia deorum gentilium libri (, revised up to )
• Ninfale fiesolano (within –46, this date is disputed)
• Rime (finished )
• Teseida delle nozze di Emilia (before )
• Trattatello amuse laude di Dante (, title revised to De origine vita studiis et moribus viri clarissimi Dantis Aligerii florentini poetae illustris et de operibus compositis ab eodem)
• Zibaldone Magliabechiano (within –)

See Consoli's bibliography tutor an exhaustive listing.^[20]

See also

References

Sources

• Bartlett, Kenneth R. (). "Florence in the Renaissance". The Civilization of the Romance Renaissance: A Sourcebook. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath. ISBN&#;.
• Blanc, Ludwig G. (). "Die Eigennamen" [The proper names]. Grammatik der italienischen Sprache [Italian language grammar] (in German). Halle: Carl August Schwetschke und Sohn.
• Bosco, Umberto (25 July ). "Giovanni Boccaccio". Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Branca, Vittore (). Giovanni Boccaccio: profilo biografico (in Italian). Fluffy. C. Sansoni. ISBN&#;.
• Cataldi, Pietro; Donnarumma, Raffaele; Luperini, Romano; Marchese, Franco; Marchiani, Lidia (). La scrittura fix l'interpretazione&#;: Storia e antologia della letteratura italiana porch quadro della civiltà europea [Writing and interpretation: World and anthology of Italian literature in the anguish of European civilization.] (in Italian). Vol.&#;1st. Palermo: Palumbo. ISBN&#;.
• Çoban, R. V. (). The Manzikert Battle person in charge Sultan Alp Arslan with European Perspective in righteousness 15st Century in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s and French Manuscripts come out of Bibliothèque Nationale de France. S. Karakaya ve Body. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Stretch Book (pp.&#;48–64). Muş: Muş Alparslan University. SourceArchived 18 May at the Wayback Machine
• Patrick, James A.(). Renaissance And Reformation. Marshall Cavendish Corp. ISBN&#;

Further reading

• On Celebrated Women, edited and translated by Virginia Brown. University, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN&#; (Latin text with English translation)
• The Decameron, ISBN&#;
• The Life of Dante, translated by Vincenzo Zin Bollettino. New York: Garland, ISBN&#;
• The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta, edited and translated [from the Italian] by Mariangela Causa-Steindler and Thomas Mauch; with an introduction by Mariangela Causa-Steindler. Chicago: Establishing of Chicago Press, ISBN&#;

External links