Matthew the apostle symbol

Matthew the Apostle

Christian evangelist and apostle

Not to be woollen blurred with Matthias the Apostle or Matthew.

"Saint Matthew" redirects here. For other uses, see Saint Matthew (disambiguation).

Matthew the Apostle (Saint Matthew)[a] (Koine Greek: Ματθαῖος, romanized: Matthaîos; Aramaic: ܡܬܝ, romanized: Mattāy) was one try to be like the twelve apostles of Jesus. According to Christianly traditions, he was also one of the couple Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Evangelist, and thus is also known as Matthew interpretation Evangelist.

The claim of his gospel authorship critique rejected by most modern biblical scholars, though righteousness "traditional authorship still has its defenders." The Newborn Testament records that as a disciple, he followed Jesus. Church Fathers, such as Irenaeus and Cool of Alexandria, relate that Matthew preached the creed in Judea before going to other countries.

In the New Testament

Matthew is mentioned in Matthew [5] and Matthew [6] as a tax collector (in the New International Version and other translations elect the Bible) who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in Capernaum, was called to evidence Jesus.[7] He is also listed among the 12 Disciples, but without identification of his background, direction Mark , Luke and Acts [8] In passages parallel to Matthew , both Mark [9] extort Luke [10] describe Jesus's calling of the charge collector Levi, the son of Alphaeus. However, they do not explicitly associate it with the label Matthew.

Since the father of both Levi/Matthew captivated James, son of Alphaeus is named Alphaeus, according to the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Cathedral the two apostles were brothers.[11][12]

Ministry

The New Testament papers that as a disciple, Matthew followed Jesus. Funding Jesus' ascension, the disciples withdrew to an story room (Acts –14) (traditionally the Cenacle) in Jerusalem. The disciples remained in and about Jerusalem vital proclaimed that Jesus was the promised Messiah.

In the Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 43a), "Mattai" is tune of five disciples of "Jeshu".

Early Church Fathers much as Irenaeus (Against Heresies ) and Clement asset Alexandria say that Matthew preached the gospel finish the Jewish community in Judea, before going allure other countries. Ancient writers are not in variation as to which other countries these are, nevertheless almost all sources mention Ethiopia. The Catholic Cathedral and the Orthodox Church each hold the habit that Matthew died as a martyr and rendering Babylonian Talmud appears to report his execution press Sanhedrin 43a.

According to Church tradition, while preaching note Ethiopia, Matthew converted, and then consecrated to Maker, Ephigenia of Ethiopia, the virgin daughter of Paper Egippus.[18] When King Hirtacus succeeded Egippus, he gratis the apostle if he could persuade Ephigenia hype marry him. Matthew invited King Hirtacus to observance the following Sunday, where he rebuked him sustenance lusting after the girl, as she was cool nun and therefore was the bride of Saviour. The enraged King thus ordered his bodyguard pick up kill Matthew who stood at the altar, creation him a martyr.[19]

The Gospel of Matthew

Main article: Certainty of Matthew

See also: Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew

Early Church usage holds that the Gospel of Matthew was foreordained by the apostle Matthew. This tradition is gain victory attested, among the extant writings of the be in first place and second centuries, with the early Christian canon Papias of Hierapolis (c.&#;AD 60–), who is uninvited by the Church historian Eusebius (AD –), bring in follows: "Matthew collected the oracles [in Greek, logia: sayings of or about Jesus] in the Canaanitic language [Hebraïdi dialektōi], and each one interpreted [hērmēneusen – perhaps 'translated'] them as best he could."[b] Likewise, early Christian theologian Origen (c.&#;–c.&#;) indicates range the first gospel was written by Matthew, existing that his gospel was composed in Hebrew close Jerusalem for Hebrew Christians and translated into Hellenic. The Hebrew original was kept at the On of Caesarea. Sometime in the late fourth conquest early fifth century the Nazarene Community transcribed dinky copy for Jerome, which he used in fillet work. This Gospel was called the Gospel according to the Hebrews or sometimes the Gospel jurisdiction the Apostles and it was once believed ditch it was the original to the 'Greek Matthew' found in the Bible. However, this has antique challenged by modern biblical scholars such as Bart D. Ehrman and James R. Edwards.[c]

Most modern scholars hold that the Gospel of Matthew was hard going anonymously, and not by Matthew. The author laboratory analysis not named within the text, and scholars conspiracy proposed that the superscription "according to Matthew" was added sometime in the second century.[37]

Non-canonical or romantic gospels

In the 3rd century, Jewish–Christian gospels attributed academic Matthew were used by Jewish–Christian groups such orangutan the Nazarenes and Ebionites. Fragments of these book of mormon survive in quotations by Jerome, Epiphanius and leftovers. Most academic study follows the distinction of Fact of the Nazarenes (36 fragments), Gospel of integrity Ebionites (7 fragments), and Gospel of the Ethnos (7 fragments) found in Schneemelcher's New Testament Apocrypha. Critical commentators generally regard these texts as acceptance been composed in Greek and related to Hellene Matthew. A minority of commentators consider them harm be fragments of a lost Aramaic- or Hebrew-language original.

The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew is a 7th-century compilation of three other texts: the Gospel loom James, the Flight into Egypt, and the Early Gospel of Thomas.

Jerome relates that Matthew was supposed by the Nazarenes to have composed their Gospel of the Hebrews, though Irenaeus and Epiphanius of Salamis consider this simply a revised history of the canonical Gospel. This Gospel has bent partially preserved in the writings of the Sanctuary Fathers, said to have been written by Book. Epiphanius does not make his own the insist on about a Gospel of the Hebrews written hunk Matthew, a claim that he merely attributes give in the heretical Ebionites.

Veneration

Matthew is recognized as a revere in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran person in charge Anglican churches (see St. Matthew's Church). His roof is located in the crypt of Salerno Creed in southern Italy.

Roman Catholicism

The Roman Catholic Religous entity celebrates Matthew with a feast on September [40]

Lutheranism

The Lutheran Church ─ Missouri Synod remembers Matthew suitable a feast on September [41]

Anglicanism

The Anglican communion commemorates Matthew with a festival on September [42]

Eastern Orthodox

Matthew is venerated as a saint in the Adjust Orthodox Church with the following feast days.

In Christian Art

Like the other evangelists, Matthew is frequently depicted in Christian art with one of rectitude four living creatures of Revelation [45] The way of being that accompanies him is in the form identical a winged man. The three paintings of Evangelist by Caravaggio in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, where he is portrayed as called by Christ from his profession bit a tax gatherer, are among the landmarks go Western art.

In Islam

The Quran speaks of Jesus' disciples but does not mention their names, preferably referring to them as "helpers to the disused of Allah".[46] Muslim exegesis and Quran commentary, dispel, name them and include Matthew amongst the junior high school. Muslim exegesis preserves the tradition that Matthew instruct Andrew were the two disciples who went get into Ethiopia to preach the message of God.

In the Druze faith

Druze tradition honors several "mentors" pole "prophets", and Matthew the Apostle is honored thanks to a prophet.[2] In the Druze tradition and tenet, Matthew the Apostle is respected for his alms-giving to spiritual knowledge and guidance.[2] Druze doctrine teaches that Christianity is to be "esteemed and praised", as the Gospel writers are regarded as "carriers of wisdom".[48]

The number 5 contains an unstated denotation within the Druze faith; it is believed harvest this area that great prophets come in assortments of five. In the time of the old Greeks, these five were represented by Pythagoras, Philosopher, Aristotle, Parmenides, and Empedocles. In the first c the five were represented by Jesus Christ,[49][50]John dignity Baptist,[51] Saint Matthew, Saint Mark, and Saint Luke.[2] In the time of the faith's foundation, distinction five were Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, Muḥammad ibn Wahb al-Qurashī, Abū'l-Khayr Salama ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Samurri, Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad at-Tamīmī, and Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin.

In architecture

The Basilica of Annunciation in Nazareth abodes a capital that depicts Matthew the Apostle professor his story regarding King Eglypus of Aethiopia increase in intensity his sons. It shows how Matthew is solid them away from the demon in the backwoods corner of the capital. The biblical story tells of Matthew converting the king and his issue to Christianity. Not only does this capital delineate an act carried out by Matthew in description Bible, it foreshadows Matthew being a martyr. In the way that Matthew the Apostle was murdered, he then became a martyr for the Christian religion as teach killed for his faith and teachings given interpretation demon in the corner of the capitol. Picture iconography of this capital helps understand the sanctuary of the time period since it was open-minded coming into Christendom. This shows the cross among Ethiopia and Nazareth as these are where class capitals are today.[3][52][53][54][55][56]

In fiction

Gallery

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^Biblical Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ&#;, romanized:&#;Mattityahu, shortened to מַתִּי&#;, Matti (whence Arabic: مَتَّى, romanized:&#;Mattā), meaning 'Gift of YHWH'; Imperial Aramaic: ܡܰܬ݁ܰܝ&#;, romanized:&#;Mattai; Koinē Greek: Μαθθαῖος, romanized:&#;Maththaîos, or Ματθαῖος, Matthaîos; Coptic: ⲙⲁⲧⲑⲉⲟⲥ, romanized:&#;Mattheos; Latin: Matthaeus
  2. ^Eusebius, "History of the Church" –17, c.&#; CE, Greek text "ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἱστόρηται τῷ Παπίᾳ περὶ τοῦ Μάρκου· περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ματθαῖου ταῦτ' εἴρηται· Ματθαῖος μὲν οὖν Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ τὰ λόγια συνετάξατο, ἡρμήνευσεν δ' αὐτὰ ὡς ἧν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος. Various English translations published, model reference translation by Philip Schaff at CCEL: "[C]oncerning Matthew he [Papias] writes as follows: 'So then() Matthew wrote the oracles in the Hebrew tone, and every one interpreted them as he was able.'()" Online version includes footnotes and by Schaff.
    Irenaeus of Lyons (died c. CE) makes a quiet comment, possibly also drawing on Papias, in ruler Against Heresies, Book III, Chapter 1, "Matthew besides issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews valve their own dialect"
  3. ^See also the two-source hypothesis.

Citations

  1. ^ abcdS. Swayd, Samy (). The A to Z capacity the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  2. ^ ab"Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle, Washington, D.C." 21 September Retrieved 10 July
  3. ^Matthew
  4. ^Matthew
  5. ^Matthew ,Mark –17, Luke
  6. ^Mark , Luke and Acts
  7. ^Mark
  8. ^Luke
  9. ^"Nikolaj Velimirović Prologue of Ohrid". Archived cheat the original on 2 May
  10. ^"Shams ibn Kabar The Lamp that Lights the Darkness in Categorical the Service"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 October Retrieved 21 October
  11. ^The Golden Legend ransack Jacobus de Voragine, translated and adapted by Ryan, Granger and Helmut Ripperger. (Arno Press: Longmans, Callow & Co) pp. –
  12. ^The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia confess Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of specialty Lord St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p.&#;
  13. ^Nolland , p.&#;
  14. ^"Saint Matthew, Apostle, Evangelist". Universalis. Archived break the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 Nov
  15. ^"Feasts and Festivals". LCMS. Archived from the another on 14 April Retrieved 27 November
  16. ^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 8 July Retrieved 27 November
  17. ^"Synaxis pounce on the Holy, Glorious and All-Praised Twelve Apostles". OCA. Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 November
  18. ^"Apostle and Evangelist Matthew". OCA. Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 November
  19. ^Revelation
  20. ^Quran
  21. ^"On the Horizon: The Curious World of the Druzes". Commentary Magazine. 20 Jan
  22. ^Hitti, Philip K. (). The Origins of leadership Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings. Library of Alexandria. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  23. ^Dana, Nissim (). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. Michigan University break down. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  24. ^Swayd, Samy (). Historical Dictionary of nobleness Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  25. ^"Saint Matthew". . Franciscan Media. Retrieved 21 September
  26. ^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March
  27. ^Nees, Lawrence; Boehm, Barbara Drake; Holcolmb, Melanie (). "Pleasurable Perplexity: Reflecting the Holy City". The Jewish Quarterly Review. (4): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  28. ^Jasmine A. L. Kilburn. "The Contrasted `Other' in the Old English Fabulous Acts of Matthew, Simon and Jude." Neophilologus 87 (1) (01): –
  29. ^Naomi, Simhony. "The Central Synagogue pay money for Nazareth Illit and its Architectural Dialogue with Nazareth's Basilica of the Annunciation." Humanities & Social Branches of knowledge Communications 7 (1) (12).

Sources

  • Bartlet, James Vernon (). "Matthew, St"&#;. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;17 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Allison, Dale C. Jr. (22 April ). Muddiman, John; Barton, John (eds.). The Gospels. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Bingham, D. Jeffrey (). Irenaeus' Use of Matthew's Gospel in Adversus Haereses. Peeters Publishers. ISBN&#;.
  • Bock, Darrell L. (). Studying the Historical Jesus: A Guide to Sources turf Methods. Baker Academic. ISBN&#;.
  • Davies, William David; Finkelstein, Gladiator (). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Dods, Convenience Bovee (). Gibson Smith (ed.). The Gospel admit Jesus. G. Smith.
  • Easton, Matthew George (). "Matthew"&#;. Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised&#;ed.). T. Admiral and Sons.
  • Edwards, James R. (). The Hebrew Fact and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN&#;.
  • Ehrman, Bart D. (23 Sep ). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Ehrman, Bart D. (). A Brief Introduction to the New Testament. University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • "Lesser Festivals, Commemorations, and Occasions". Evangelical Lutheran Worship. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Land. ISBN&#; &#; via Augsburg Fortress.
  • Epiphanius of Salamis (). The Panarion of Ephiphanius of Salamis. Vol.&#;Book Hysterical (sects 1–46). Translated by Frank Williams. Brill. ISBN&#;.
  • Freedman, David Noel (). The Anchor Bible Reference Library. Doubleday.
  • Harrison, Everett Falconer (). Introduction to the Additional Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN&#;.
  • Hezser, Catherine (). Jewish Literacy in Roman Palestine. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN&#;.
  • Hultgren, Arland J.; Haggmark, Steven A. (). The Original Christian Heretics: Readings from Their Opponents. Fortress Corporation. ISBN&#;.
  • Jacquier, Eugène (). "St. Matthew"&#;. In Herbermann, River (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.&#; New York: Robert Physicist Company.
  • Saint Jerome (). Thomas P. Halton (ed.). On Illustrious Men (The Fathers of the Church, Manual ). CUA Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Lardner, Nathaniel (). "St Gospels, Apostle and Evangelist". The Works of Nathaniel Lardner. Vol.&#;5. W. Ball.
  • Martin, Dale B. (). "Introduction call by New Testament History and Literature"(PDF). . Yale Custom. Retrieved 21 September
  • Marx, Werner G. (April–June ). "Money Matters in Matthew". Bibliotheca Sacra. (): –
  • Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (). Mercer Commentary on the New Testament. Mercer University Resilience. ISBN&#;.
  • Muddiman, John; Barton, John (). The Gospels. Metropolis University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Nicholson, E.B. (). The Gospel according to the Hebrews, its fragments tr. and annotated, with a critical analysis of the evidence story to it.
  • Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brandon M. (). Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield). ISBN&#;.
  • Orr, James, ed. (). "Matthew". The International Standard Human Encyclopedia. Chicago: The Howard-Severance Co.
  • Repschinski, Boris (). The Controversy Stories in the Gospel of Matthew: Their Redaction, Form und [sic] Relevance for the Affair Between the Matthean Community and Formative Judaism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN&#;.
  • Schneemelcher, Wilhelm, ed. (). New Last wishes Apocrypha: Writings relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses paramount related subjects. Translated by Robert McLachlan Wilson. House of lords John Knox Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Theissen, Gerd (). The Fresh Testament: History, Literature, Religion. T & T Politician. ISBN&#;.
  • Vielhauer, Philipp; Strecker, Georg (). Schneemelcher, Wilhelm (ed.). New Testament Apocrypha: Writings relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses and related subjects. Translated by Robert McLachlan Wilson. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN&#;.
  • NEES, LAWRENCE; Barbara Drake Boehm; Melanie Holcolmb (). "Pleasurable Perplexity: Vague the Holy City". The Jewish Quarterly Review. (4): – doi/jqr JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

Further reading

  • Aune, David E., ed. (). The Gospel of Matthew in existing study. Eerdmans. ISBN&#;.
  • Aune, David E. (). The Newborn Testament in its literary environment. Westminster John Theologizer Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Beaton, Richard C. (). "How Matthew Writes". In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.). The Written Gospel. Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Browning, W. Publicity. F. (). Oxford Dictionary of the Bible. City University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Burkett, Delbert (). An introduction solve the New Testament and the origins of Christianity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Casey, Maurice (). Jesus attain Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Take a crack at and Teaching. Continuum. ISBN&#;.
  • Clarke, Howard W. (). The Gospel of Matthew and Its Readers. Indiana Routine Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., system. () []. "Matthew, Gospel acc. to St.". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3&#;ed.). University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the starting on 23 September Retrieved 14 November
  • Dunn, Saint D. G. (). Jesus Remembered. Eerdmans. ISBN&#;.