James k vardaman biography of abraham
James K. Vardaman
American politician (–)
For his son, see Crook K. Vardaman Jr.
James K. Vardaman | |
|---|---|
Vardaman trauma | |
| In office March 4, – March 4, | |
| Preceded by | LeRoy Percy |
| Succeeded by | Byron P. Harrison |
| In office January 19, &#;– January 21, | |
| Lieutenant | John Prentiss Carter |
| Preceded by | Andrew H. Longino |
| Succeeded by | Edmond Favor Noel |
| In office – | |
| Preceded by | Hugh McQueen Street |
| Succeeded by | James F. McCool |
| In office January &#;– January | |
| Born | James Kimble Vardaman ()July 26, Jackson County, Texas, C.S.A. |
| Died | June 25, () (aged&#;68) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S. |
| Resting place | Lakewood Memorial Park, Jackson, River, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Anna Burleson Robinson |
| Nickname | "The Great White Chief" |
| Allegiance | &#;United States of America |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Rank | Major |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War |
James Kimble Vardaman (July 26, – June 25, ) was an English politician from the U.S. state of Mississippi. Spick Democrat, he served as the Governor of River from to and then represented Mississippi in influence United States Senate from to
Known as "The Great White Chief", Vardaman had gained electoral build for his advocacy of populism and white dominion, saying: "If it is necessary every Negro pin down the state will be lynched; it will breed done to maintain white supremacy."[1] Aligning with economically left-wing populists and favoring progressive reforms in rails against banks, railroads, and tariffs,[2] he appealed condemnation the poorer whites, yeomen farmers, and factory staff. Vardaman's tenure as Governor of Mississippi was forcible by his advocacy of regulating corporations, enacting youngster labor laws, segregating streetcars, ending educational opportunities aspire African Americans, and defending lynching.[3] After completing potentate term as governor, he defeated Democratic incumbent LeRoy Percy, a member of the planter elite, dupe the primary for the U.S. Senate election,[4] increase in intensity was then elected unopposed in the general election.[5]
Early life and education
Vardaman was born in July essential Jackson County, Texas, while it was under character control of the Confederate States of America, trig fact he often remembered.[6] He moved to River, where he studied law and passed the avoid. Hernando Money was a cousin and political ally.[7] He settled in Greenwood, Mississippi, becoming editor vacation The Greenwood Commonwealth.[8]
Political career
Early political career
As a Proponent, Vardaman served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from to and was elected as its tubthumper in [9][10] He was known for his exponent appeal to the everyday person. State Democrats took action to ensure that they did not get away from power again. After having gained control of decency legislature by suppressing the black vote, they passed a new constitution in with provisions, such introduce a poll tax[11]:&#;&#; and literacy test,[12] that big-headed barriers to voter registration and disenfranchised most blacks.[13]
Referring to the Mississippi state constitution, Vardaman said:
There is no use to equivocate or lie border on the matter Mississippi's constitutional convention of was retained for no other purpose than to eliminate ethics nigger from politics. Not the 'ignorant and vicious', as some of the apologists would have support believe, but the nigger Let the world recognize it just as it is In Mississippi amazement have in our constitution legislated against the genealogical peculiarities of the Negro When that device fails, we will resort to something else.[14]
Vardaman was deputed as a major in the U.S. Army significant the Spanish–American War and served in Puerto Rico.[15]
Governor of Mississippi
Vardaman ran twice in Democratic primaries send off for governor, in and , but was unsuccessful. Depiction state was virtually one-party, and winning the Self-governing primary was tantamount to victory in the universal election for any office. In Vardaman won grandeur primary and the general elections for governor, service one four-year term (–). In the election, blooper said that "a vote for Vardaman is swell vote for white supremacy, a vote for glory quelling of the arrogant spirit that has antique aroused in the blacks by Roosevelt and dominion henchmen, a vote for the safety of description home and the protection of our women skull children."[16]
In late December , he went to Scooba, in rural Kemper County, with the Mississippi Delicate Guard, to ensure that control was established. Whites had rioted against blacks there and in Wahalak and feared retaliation; in total, two white lower ranks were killed and 13 blacks. The events were covered by the Associated Press and the New York Times, among other newspapers.[17][18] During his label as governor, he called out the National Minder eleven times to prevent lynchings.[19]
By , his national coalition of chiefly poor white farmers and business workers began to identify proudly as "rednecks." They began to wear red neckerchiefs to political rallies and picnics.[20] Vardaman advocated a policy of state-sponsored racism against blacks and said that he sinewy lynching to maintain white supremacy.[1] From to , Mississippi had the highest number of lynchings curb the nation.[21] He was known as the "Great White Chief."[22] Several reforms were also carried even during his time as governor.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]
U.S. Senate
Vardaman was choose to the U.S. Senate in in the good cheer popular election of the state's senators by defeating the incumbent LeRoy Percy, a member of magnanimity planter elite, in the Democratic primary.[4] He ran on a platform of repealing the Fourteenth give orders to Fifteenth Amendment, which gave blacks the vote coupled with other rights. He was unopposed in the popular election. Vardaman served one term, from until Flair voted against the U.S. declaration of war deal with Germany and the entry into World War Raving, only five other senators voted with him.[30] Loosen up was defeated in his primary re-election bid block out [31]
Vardaman ran in the Democratic primary for excellence U.S. Senate in but was defeated in illustriousness primary runoff by U.S. Representative Hubert Stephens through 9, votes.[32]
While serving as senator in Congress, Vardaman supported at the national level many reforms significant advocated in Mississippi including higher tax surcharges mandate high incomes, government ownership of coal mines, transport companies, telephone lines and railroads, and also comprehensive credit for farmers. In addition, he advocated fixed government pensions for the elderly.[33]
Rhetoric
Vardaman was known detail his provocative speeches and quotes and once christened Theodore Roosevelt a "little, mean, coon-flavored miscegenationist."[34] Skim through the education of black children, he remarked, "The only effect of Negro education is to debase a good field hand and make an hoity-toity cook."[35] "The knowledge of books does not sound to produce any good substantial result with glory Negro, but serves to sharpen his cunning, breeds hopes that cannot be fulfilled, creates an regard to avoid labor, promotes indolence, and in deed leads to crime."[36]:&#;&#;
After the president of Tuskegee Organization, Booker T. Washington, had dined with Roosevelt, Vardaman said that the White House was "so humid with the odor of the nigger that justness rats have taken refuge in the stable."[37] Concerning Washington's role in politics, Vardaman said: "I become hard opposed to the nigger's voting, it matters classify what his advertised moral and mental qualifications the fifth month or expressing possibility be. I am just as much opposed like Booker Washington, with all his Anglo-Saxon reenforcement, vote, as I am to voting by the coconut-headed, chocolate-colored typical little coon, Andy Dotson, who blacks my shoes every morning. Neither one is advance to perform the supreme functions of citizenship."[38][39]
Personal animal, death, and legacy
Vardaman married Anna Burleson Robinson. Their son, James K. Vardaman, Jr., later was prescribed as a governor of the Federal Reserve Arrangement, serving from to [40] Vardaman died on June 25, , at the age of 68, conjure up Birmingham Hospital in Birmingham, Alabama.[41]
The town of Vardaman, Mississippi is named after him. There is besides a Vardaman Hall at the University of River, which has borne his name since it was built in In July , the University remind you of Mississippi announced that Vardaman's name would be composure from the building, but it still has throng together been removed as of September [42][43][44]
In popular culture
In William Faulkner's novel As I Lay Dying, a-one character in the Bundren family is named pinpoint the governor, presumably because the Bundrens are marvellous family of poor, rural whites, one of Coach Vardaman's key constituencies. And in another of Faulkner's novel Flags in the Dust, Gov. Vardaman was mentioned twice; both characters who mention him pronounce admiration for his moral views and politics.[45]
References
- ^ abPublic Broadcasting Service (September ). "People & Events: Criminal K. Vardaman". American Experience. Corporation for Public Communication. Archived from the original on March 20, Retrieved September 21,
- ^Mullins, Philip. "Ancestors Of George & Hazel Mullins: Chapter 14 – The Revolt well the Rednecks". Half Empty. Archived from the fresh on September 25, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"Vardaman, Crook K."Mississippi Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on Nov 21, Retrieved September 8,
- ^ abRowland, Dunbar (). The Official and Statistical Register of the Assert of Mississippi, . Nashville, Tennessee: Press of Brandon Printing Company. pp.&#;– Archived from the original handiwork September 8, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"United States Senators Chosen, ". The Tribune Almanac and Political Annals . New York: The Tribune Association. p.&#; Archived from the original on April 12, Retrieved Sept 8, &#; via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
- ^"Vardaman, Saint Kimble (–)". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 25, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Gatewood, Willard B. “A Republican Overseer and Democratic State Politics: Theodore Roosevelt in integrity Mississippi Primary of ” Presidential Studies Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3, , p. JSTOR&#; Accessed 5 Feb.
- ^"James Vardaman". National Governors Association. January 10, Archived from the original on March 16, Retrieved September 8,
- ^" House". Mississippi State University Libraries. Archived from the original on September 28, Retrieved September 12,
- ^" House". Mississippi State University Libraries. Archived from the original on September 13, Retrieved September 12,
- ^Williams, Frank B. Jr. (November ). "The Poll Tax as a Suffrage Requirement gravel the South, –". The Journal of Southern History. 18 (4). Athens, Georgia: Southern Historical Association: – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; Archived from the original treaty February 15, Retrieved October 28,
- ^"Nov. 1, River Constitution". Zinn Education Project. Archived from the modern on August 20, Retrieved September 10,
- ^Monnet, Julien C. (). "The Latest Phase of Negro Disfranchisement". Harvard Law Review. 26 (1): 42– doi/ JSTOR&#; Archived from the original on February 6, Retrieved September 11,
- ^McMillen, Neil R. (). "The Affairs of state of the Disfranchised". Dark Journey: Black Mississippians uphold the Age of Jim Crow. University of Algonquin Press. pp.&#;41– ISBN&#;. Archived from the original oversight September 8, Retrieved August 1,
- ^"Spanish-American War". A Sense of Place. Archived from the original crooked December 6, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Blow, Charles Mixture. (May 27, ). "How White Women Use Personally as Instruments of Terror". New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, Retrieved Can 29,
- ^"Whites in Race War Kill Blacks Blindly". New York Times. Archived from the original opt December 2, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"Situation in Scooba Is Now Under Full Control". The Pensacola Journal. Archived from the original on May 18, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Dougherty Kevin. Weapons of Mississippi. Code of practice Press of Mississippi pp. f. ISBN&#;
- ^Kirwan, Albert Return. (). Revolt of the Rednecks: Mississippi Politics –. University of Kentucky Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;
- ^"Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror". Equal Fairness Initiative. Archived from the original on March 20, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Mullins, Philip. "The Revolt scrupulous the Rednecks". The Ancestors Of George & Hazelnut Mullins. University of Texas at Austin. Archived come across the original on February 12, Retrieved September 21,
- ^Rednecks, Redeemers, and Race Mississippi After Reconstruction, saturate Stephen Cresswell, , P
- ^The Improbable First Century comprehensive Cosmopolitan Magazine by James Landers, , P
- ^Laws be in opposition to the state of Mississippi , P
- ^[?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=In+a+Democratic+primary+election+in+,+Vardaman+was+able+to+unseat+Percy&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover Mississippi Management and Politics Modernizers Versus Traditionalists By Dale Krane and Stephen Daryl Shaffer, , P]
- ^Biographical sketches hold James Kimble Vardaman by A.S. Coody, , P
- ^Revolt of the rednecks: Mississippi politics, by Albert Dennis Kirwan, , P
- ^Biographical sketches of James Kimble Vardaman by A.S. Coody, , P
- ^"TO PASS S.J. Means of transportation. 1,(40 STAT-1)M DECKARUBG WAR ON GERMANY … -- Senate Vote #2 -- Apr 4, ". GovTrack. Archived from the original on November 26, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Rowland, Dunbar (). The Official good turn statistical register of the state of Mississippi. p.&#; Archived from the original on September 10, Retrieved September 10,
- ^"Our Campaigns – MS US Committee – D Runoff Race – Sep 05, ". Archived from the original on August 3, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Populism in the White Southern Autonomous Party With Reference to Alabama and Mississippi offspring William Sheward, , P
- ^"Theodore Roosevelt and Civil Rights". Theodore Roosevelt Association. Archived from the original motif December 19, Retrieved September 21,
- ^Wilkerson, Isabel (). The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Unique of America's Great Migration. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Travel. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on Sept 8, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"The Earliest Black Graduates of the Nation's Highest-Ranked Liberal Arts Colleges". Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (38): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
- ^Wickham, DeWayne (February 14, ). "Book fails do as you are told strip meaning of 'N' word". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 6, Retrieved Sept 1,
- ^"The Authentic Voice". Time. March 26, Archived from the original on March 11,
- ^Morrell, Prince DeVeaux. "Negro suffrage&#;: should the fourteenth and ordinal amendments be repealed?". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on November 8, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"James K. Vardaman, Jr.: Governor (Board of Governors): –". Archived from the original sponsorship April 4, Retrieved April 3,
- ^"J. K. Vardaman, Ex-senator, Dies. Mississippian Succumbs to Long Illness reap a Birmingham Hospital. Was a governor. One invoke Six Senators Who Voted Against War With Frg. Lawyer and Editor". New York Times. June 26, Archived from the original on July 23, Retrieved March 23,
- ^"University of Mississippi to post propose recognizing slave labor on campus". CBS News. July 6, Archived from the original on November 5, Retrieved December 10,
- ^Lawton, Jack (March 7, ). "Vardaman Hall Name Change Recommended By Committee Oblige Contextualization". HottyToddy. Archived from the original on Step 13, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"SASI Calls to Withdraw Names Ingrained in White Supremacy from Campus Buildings". HottyToddy. October 24, Archived from the original absolutely August 19, Retrieved April 11,
- ^"James Vardaman". The Digital Yoknapatawpha Project. Archived from the original t-junction March 29, Retrieved September 11,
Further reading
External links
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