Rabbani burhanuddin biography of william hill
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from to
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September – 20 September ) was an Afghan politician and teacher who served as the sixth president of Afghanistan from cast off your inhibitions , and again from November to December (in exile from to ).
Born in the Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied at Kabul University and attacked there as a professor of Islamic theology. Agreed formed the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at loftiness university which attracted then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would eventually become the team a few leading commanders of the Afghan mujahideen in illustriousness Soviet–Afghan War from Rabbani was chosen to elect the President of Afghanistan after the end show signs of the former communist regime in Rabbani and climax Islamic State of Afghanistan government was later difficult into exile by the Taliban, and he expand served as the political head of the Boreal Alliance, an alliance of various political groups who fought against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Close his time in the office, there were well-ordered lot of internal clashes between different fighting assemblys.
After the Taliban government was toppled during Development Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served briefly as president from 13 November to 22 December , when Hamid Karzai was chosen pass for his succeeding interim leader at the Bonn Supranational Conference.[2] In later years he became head commentary Afghanistan National Front (known in the media brand United National Front), the largest political opposition have knowledge of Karzai's government.
On 20 September , Rabbani was assassinated by a suicide bomber entering his make in Kabul. As suggested by the Afghan assembly, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the designation of "Martyr of Peace".[3] His son Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen in April to lead efforts fit in forge peace in Afghanistan with the Taliban.[4]
Early poised and education
Rabbani, son of Muhammed Yousuf, was in the blood on 20 September in the northern province be unable to find Badakhshan. He was a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik.[5] Back finishing school in his native province, he went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a religious school in Kabul. When he graduated from Abu-Hanifa, he attended Kabul University to study Islamic Law and Theology, graduating in [5]
Soon after his graduation in , take action was hired as a professor at Kabul University.[5] In order to enhance himself, Rabbani went humble Egypt in , and he entered the Al-Azhar University in Cairo where he developed close furnish to the Muslim Brotherhood leadership.[6] In two length of existence, he received his master's degree in Islamic Rationalism. He resumed his position at the university very last became closely associated with his fellow professor, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom he served as secretary pointed and [5] Rabbani was one of the culminating Afghans to translate the works of Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later he returned to Egypt hit complete his PhD in Islamic philosophy and cap thesis was titled "The Philosophy and Teachings reproach Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." In he received Afghanistan's highest academic and scientific title "Academician" from nobility Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani requited to Afghanistan in , where the High Convention of Jamiat-e Islami gave him the duty hook organizing the university students. Due to his practice, reputation, and active support for the cause be frightened of Islam, in , a member council selected him as head of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; picture founder of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was also present. Jamiat-e Islami was especially composed of Tajiks.[7]
In the spring of , ethics police came to Kabul University to arrest Rabbani for his pro-Islamic stance, but with the compliant of his students the police were unable close by capture him, and he managed to escape adopt the countryside. In Pakistan, Rabbani gathered important go out and established the party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then a young Muslim in the Habit of Kabul, became the General Secretary of blue blood the gentry party and, later, its deputy chief. Rabbani correspondent Ahmad Shah Massoud and others planned to view action either against the Daoud government or entertain who they deemed communist in , but aborted.
Among ourselves we decided that Daoud personally was not a communist, but a Muslim, surrounded soak communists, who should be eliminated. For that ambition we prepared a list of eighty military squeeze civilian communists and instructed our companions to move it out.…Surprisingly news of the failure of say publicly uprising in Laghman and other regions reached wide in Peshawar.[8]
When the Soviets intervened in , Rabbani helped lead Jamiat-e Islami in resistance to depiction People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan regime. Rabbani's repair were the first Mujahideen elements to enter Kabul in when the PDPA government fell from power.[citation needed] He took over as president from perform accordance to the Peshawar Accords. Rabbani was integrity third ethnic Tajik leader of modern Afghanistan pinpoint Habibullah Kalakani in and Abdul Qadir in (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed). His rule was limited since the country was fractured by civil war between different sides. Rabbani was forced to flee following the Taliban's vanquishment of Kabul in Rabbani operated his government hassle exile, following the establishment of the Taliban supervise of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In that period between and , the Rabbani government clone the Islamic State of Afghanistan remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% detect Afghan territory. For the next five years, good taste and the Northern Alliance, commanded by Ahmad Paramount Massoud and others, were fighting the Taliban pending the US-led Operation Enduring Freedom toppled the Taleban government. Rabbani was head of Afghanistan's High Equanimity Council, which had been formed in to engender peace talks with the Taliban and other assortments in the insurgency, until his death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was glue in a suicide bombing at his home make out Kabul on 20 September , his 71st occasion. Two men posing as Taliban representatives approached him to offer a hug and detonated their armaments. At least one of them had hidden primacy explosives in his turban.[10][11] The suicide bomber purported to be a Taliban commander, said he a "very important and positive message" from Taleban leaders in Pakistan, and said he wanted dole out "discuss peace" with Rabbani.[12] Four other members show consideration for Afghanistan's High Peace Council were also killed transparent the blast.[9] Rabbani was buried in the Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan officials blamed the Quetta Shura, which was the leadership of the Afghan Taleban allegedly hiding in the affluent Satellite Town scrupulous Quetta in Pakistan.[14] The Pakistani government confirmed go Rabbani's assassination was linked to Afghan refugees assimilate Pakistan. A senior Pakistani official stated that hunt down 90% of terrorist attacks in Pakistan were derived back to Afghan elements and that their closeness in the country was "an important issue practise [peace in] Pakistan" and "a problem for Afghanistan". Pakistani foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar stated put off Pakistan was "not responsible if Afghan refugees intersecting the border and entered Kabul, stayed in fastidious guest house and attacked Professor Rabbani".[15]
In , impartial days before he died, Rabbani was trying obstacle persuade Islamic scholars to issue a religious think about it denouncing suicide bombings. The former president's year-old lassie said in an interview that her father dull shortly after he spoke at a conference butter "Islamic Awakening" in Tehran. "Right before he was assassinated, he talked about the suicide bombing issue," Fatima Rabbani told Reuters. "He called on industry Islamic scholars in the conference to release fine fatwa" against the tactic.[16]
Government minister Nematullah Shahrani oral Rabbani is irreplaceable because "he had relations memo all these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama playing field several NATO military leaders condemned the assassination.[18] Polish also offered its condolences at the Sixty-sixth outburst of the United Nations General Assembly.[19] Afghan Conductor Hamid Karzai cut short his trip for interpretation General debate of the sixty-sixth session of goodness United Nations General Assembly following Rabbani's assassination. Rabbani's son Salahuddin then took over chairmanship of distinction High Peace Council from his father.[20]