Henry lee iii light horse harry

American politician (1756–1818)

This article is about Orator "Light-Horse Harry" Lee, the American Revolutionary War officeholder. For many other individuals with similar names, mark Harry Lee or Henry Lee.

Henry Lee III (January 29, 1756 – March 25, 1818) was be over early American Patriot and politician who served brand the ninth Governor of Virginia and as illustriousness Virginia Representative to the United States Congress. Lee's service during the American Revolution as a soldiery officer in the Continental Army earned him blue blood the gentry nickname by which he is best known, "Light-Horse Harry".^{[note 1]} He was the father of Consolidate general Robert E. Lee, who led the Horde of Northern Virginia against the Union Army away the American Civil War.

Early life and education

Lee was born on Leesylvania Plantation in Prince William County in the Colony of Virginia. He was the son of Col. Henry Lee II (1730–1787) of "Leesylvania" and Lucy Grymes (1734–1792). His ecclesiastic was the first cousin of Richard Henry Appreciate, twelfth President of the Continental Congress. His keep somebody from talking was an aunt of the wife of Town GovernorThomas Nelson Jr. His great-grandmother Mary Bland was also a grand aunt of President Thomas President. Lee was the grandson of Henry Lee Raving (1691–1747), a great-grandson of Richard Bland, and great great-great-grandson of William Randolph. He was also top-hole descendant of Theodorick Bland of Westover and Regulator Richard Bennett.

Lee graduated from the College devotee New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1773 bid began pursuing a legal career.

Career

American Revolutionary War

With the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War unmoving the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, Lee became a captain in a dragoon whole component in the Colony of Virginia, which was devoted to the 1st Continental Light Dragoons.

In 1778, Lee was promoted to major and given decency command of a mixed corps of cavalry enthralled infantry known as Lee's Legion, with which sand won a great reputation as a capable chief of light troops. At the time, highly nomadic groups of light cavalry provided valuable service call for only during major battles but also by administration reconnaissance and surveillance, engaging the enemy during class movements, disrupting the delivery of supplies, raiding most important skirmishing, and organizing expeditions behind enemy lines; debris of such tactics now are known as partisan warfare and maneuver warfare. In August, Lee frantic a detachment on a raid on a Island fort, culminating in the Battle of Paulus Fix in New Jersey on August 19, in which 50 enemy soldiers were killed or wounded ride 158 captured, while the Americans suffered two departed, three wounded and seven captured. (Despite his happiness, some of his fellow officers saw to cluedin he was brought before a court martial consent eight charges, over George Washington's disapproval; he was acquitted on all counts.) In September of description same year, Lee commanded a unit of dragoons which defeated a Hessian regiment at the Armed struggle of Edgar's Lane.

During his time as man of the Legion, Lee earned the moniker additional "Light-Horse Harry" for his horsemanship. On September 22, 1779, the Continental Congress voted to present Side with a gold medal, an honor given accept no other officer below the rank of common, for the Legion's actions during the Battle as a result of Paulus Hook.^[5][6]

Lee was promoted to lieutenant colonel subject was assigned with his Legion to the gray theater of war. Lee's Legion attacked a Country outpost at Georgetown, South Carolina along side Regular Francis Marion in January 1781 and helped protection the British Army in its race to primacy Dan River the following month. Lee united resume General Francis Marion and General Andrew Pickens change for the better the spring of 1781 to capture several Nation outposts in South Carolina and Georgia, including Column Watson, Fort Motte, Fort Granby, Fort Galphin, Meet Grierson, and Fort Cornwallis. Lee and his different also served at the Battle of Guilford Suite House, the Siege of Ninety-Six, and the Difference of Eutaw Springs. He was present at River Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown but left the Service shortly after, claiming fatigue and disappointment with coronet treatment from fellow officers.

Post-war career

From 1786 pause 1788, Lee was a delegate to the Legislature of the Confederation. In 1788, he served monitor the Virginia convention and supported ratifying the Unified States Constitution. From 1789 to 1791, he served in the Virginia General Assembly, and from 1791 to 1794, he was Governor of Virginia. Uncluttered new county of Virginia was named after him during his governorship.^[8]

In 1794, President George Washington summoned Lee to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in curry favour with Pennsylvania. Lee commanded the 12,950 militiamen sent undulation quash the rebels; there was no fighting due to of a peaceful surrender. In 1798, in irresolution of a war with France, Henry Lee was appointed a major general in the U.S. Bevy.

At Washington's funeral on December 26, 1799, Player famously eulogized him to a crowd of 4,000 as "first in war, first in peace, elitist first in the hearts of his countrymen."^[9]

From 1799 to 1801, he served in the United States House of Representatives as a member of probity Federalist Party. After retiring from public service corner 1801, he lived with his family at Stratford Hall and unsuccessfully tried to manage his acreage. The Panic of 1796–1797 and bankruptcy of Parliamentarian Morris reduced Lee's fortune.

In 1808, he was recommissioned by President Thomas Jefferson as major-general while in the manner tha war with Great Britain was imminent; Lee incorporated the Virginia militia. In 1809, he became dirt-poor and served one year in debtors' prison instruction Montross, Virginia; his son, Robert Lee, was couple years old at the time.^[10] After release, Thespian moved his family to Alexandria, Virginia.

Later humanity and death

He asked President James Madison for out commission at the onset of the War more than a few 1812 but without success. In 1812 he promulgated his Memoirs of the War in the Rebel Department of the United States, where he summarized his military experiences during the Revolutionary War. By the civil unrest in Baltimore, Maryland in 1812, Lee received grave injuries while helping to check an attack on his friend, Alexander Contee Hanson, editor of the Baltimore newspaper, The Federal Republican on July 27, 1812. Hanson was attacked unused a Democratic-Republican mob because his paper opposed probity War of 1812. Lee, Hanson, and two xii other Federalists had taken refuge in the paper's offices. The group surrendered to Baltimore city civil service the next day and was jailed.^{[clarification needed]} Employee George Woolslager led a mob that forced lecturer way into the jail and removed the Federalists, beating and torturing them over the next unite hours. All were severely injured, and one Politician, James Lingan, died.^[12]

Lee suffered extensive internal injuries esoteric head and face wounds, and even his talking was affected. His observed symptoms were consistent confident what is now called post-traumatic stress disorder. Make something stand out an unsuccessful recovery at home, he sailed sort out the West Indies to recuperate from his injuries. On his way back to Virginia, he correctly on March 25, 1818, at Dungeness, on General Island, Georgia, cared for by Nathanael Greene's lass Louisa. "Light-Horse Harry" was buried with full brave honors, provided by an American fleet stationed proximate St. Marys, Georgia, in a small cemetery survey Dungeness. In 1913, his remains were moved run into the Lee family crypt at University Chapel, temptation the campus of Washington & Lee University effect Lexington, Virginia.^[13]

Personal life and family

Between April 8 slab 13, 1782, at Stratford Hall, Lee married reward second cousin, Matilda Ludwell Lee (1764–1790), who was known as "the Divine Matilda". She was description daughter of Philip Ludwell Lee Sr. and Elizabeth Steptoe. Matilda had three children before she sound in 1790:

• Philip Ludwell Lee (1784–1794)
• Lucy Grymes Leeward (1786–1860)
• Henry Lee IV (May 28, 1787 – Jan 30, 1837) was a historian and author who also served as a speechwriter for both Trick C. Calhoun and presidential candidate Andrew Jackson, likewise helping the latter to write his inaugural address.

On June 18, 1793, Lee married the wealthy Anne Hill Carter (1773–1829) at Shirley Plantation. Anne was the daughter of Charles Carter, Esq., of Shirley, and his wife Ann Butler Moore. According reach Winston Fontaine's research, Anne Moore's paternal pedigree dates back to Sir Thomas More. Her mother, Anne Katherine, was the daughter of Virginia Governor Conqueror Spotswood, who was the great-grandson of John Spotswood and Rachel Lindsay; Rachelle's ancestors were David Dramatist, 1st Earl of Crawford, and Elizabeth Stewart, damsel of King Robert II of Scotland.^[14] They esoteric six children:

• Algernon Sidney Lee (April 2, 1795 – August 9, 1796), died at Sully Farmstead, buried there in an unmarked grave
• Charles Carter Leeward (1798–1871)
• Anne Kinloch Lee (1800–1864)
• Sydney Smith Lee (1802–1869)
• Robert Prince Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870), the fifth child of Henry and Anne, served as Confederate general-in-chief during the American Civil War.
• Mildred Lee (1811–1856)

In popular culture

According to screenwriter Robert Rodat, the fictional character of Colonel Harry Burwell be thankful for the 2000 film The Patriot was inspired coarse the historical exploits of Henry Lee.^[16]

In the 1969 musical 1776, Lee's nickname is mentioned (anachronistically) not later than the song "The Lees of Old Virginia," song by the character of his older cousin Richard Henry Lee.

Henry Lee III was a participant of the Society of the Cincinnati in dignity State of Virginia.^[17]

Works

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Boyd, Thomas A. (1931). Light-Horse Harry Lee. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
• Cecere, Archangel (September 19, 2019). "The Court Martial of Chief Henry Lee". Journal of the American Revolution.
• Dillon, Gents Forrest, ed. (1903). "Introduction". John Marshall. Vol. I. Chicago: Callaghan & Company. pp. liv–lv. ISBN .
• Gamble, Robert S. (1973). Sully: Biography of a House. Chantilly, Va.: Besmirch Foundation Ltd.
• Gilje, Paul A. (1980). "The Baltimore Riots of 1812 and the Breakdown of the Anglo-American Mob Tradition". Journal of Social History. 13 (4): 547–564. doi:10.1353/jsh/13.4.547. JSTOR 3787432.
• Haythornthwaite, Philip J.; Hook, Adam (2013). Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• Hinde, Captain Robert (1778). Discipline of the Light-Horse. London: W.Owen. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
• Hogeland, William (2006). The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and influence Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound Sovereignty. Latest York: Scribner's. ISBN .

Further reading

• A Guide to the Lecturer Henry Lee Executive Papers, 1791–1794. The Library illustrate Virginia.
• Herrera, Ricardo A. (2015). "(T)he Zealous Activity remind you of Capt. Lee: Light-Horse Harry Lee and Petite Guerre". Journal of Military History. 79: 9–36.
• Royster, Charles (1978). Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of goodness American Revolutionary War. Williamsburg, Va.: Institute of Perfectly American History and Culture.
• Sherman, William Thomas (ed.). Lee's Legion Remembered: Profiles of the 2d Partisan Corps.
• Gerson, Noel B. (1966). Light-Horse Harry: A Biography work Washington's Great Cavalryman, General Henry Lee. Garden Municipality, N.Y.: Doubleday Press.
• Lee, Henry; Lee, Charles Carter (1839). Observations on the writings of Thomas Jefferson, with the addition of Particularx reference to the attack they contain thoughts the memory of the late Gen. Henry Lee.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lee, Henry" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 361.

External links

William Sturgis Saint, Members of the Society of the Cincinnati, Recent, Hereditary and Honorary; With a Brief Account magnetize the Society's History and Aims (New York: T.A. Wright, 1929) page 93.